Exam 1

Question 1

Client’s right to make his or her own decisions (these decisions must not endanger others)

Answer 1

Autonomy

Question 2

Providing good, helpful treatments

Answer 2

Beneficence

Question 3

Avoiding actions that cause harm

Answer 3

Nonmaleficence

Question 4

Keeping your word

Answer 4

Fidelity

Question 5

Fair and equal treatment regardless of social class, race, economic status, etc

Answer 5

Justice

Question 6

Being honest, truthful

Answer 6

Veracity

Question 7

Reducing your pain by helping others

Answer 7

Altruism

Question 8

Covering up a real or imagined weakness by emphasizing some other strength

Answer 8

Compensation

Question 9

Converting strong emotional stress into a physical symptom

Answer 9

Conversion

Question 10

Not acknowledging reality because it is too painful or difficult

Answer 10

Denial

Question 11

Redirecting your anger at another object, person, or situation

Answer 11

Displacement

Question 12

Temporarily losing your connection to the outside world to escape the pain

Answer 12

Dissociation

Question 13

Attempting to improve feelings about self by emulating an admired person

Answer 13

Identification

Question 14

Avoiding painful emotions by focusing on logic and reasoning

Answer 14

Intellectualization

Question 15

Attributing your own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or behaviors to someone else

Answer 15

Projection

Question 16

Justifying unacceptable feelings or behavior by giving excuses

Answer 16

Rationalization

Question 17

Feeling negative or unacceptable feelings but demonstrating the opposite

Answer 17

Reaction formation

Question 18

Returning to childlike, immature behaviors during a time of stress

Answer 18

Regression

Question 19

Unknowingly pushing an unpleasant thought or memory out of your consciousness

Answer 19

Repression

Question 20

Seeing people, situations, or events as either completely good or completely evil

Answer 20

Splitting

Question 21

Redirecting unacceptable drives or passions into socially acceptable forms

Answer 21

Sublimation

Question 22

Consciously deciding to ignore a thought, emotion, or desire

Answer 22

Suppression

Question 23

Trying to reverse a negative or guilty feeling by doing something to make up for it

Answer 23

Undoing

Question 24

Allowing the client to choose the topic of discussion

Answer 24

Broad openings

Question 25

Delving into a topic that seems useful to discuss

Answer 25

Exploring

Question 26

Asking a client who is rapidly changing topics, to focus on a single idea or thought (not appropriate if the client is extremely anxious)

Answer 26

Focusing

Question 27

Encouraging the client to come up with a plan for dealing with a problem or future situation

Answer 27

Formulating a plan of action

Question 28

Giving short verbal or nonverbal encouragement for the client to continue talking

Answer 28

General leads

Question 29

Noticing a positive behavior from the client (this is better than complimenting)

Answer 29

Giving recognition

Question 30

Verbalizing your perceptions of the client

Answer 30

Making observations

Question 31

Making yourself available to the client. Offering your time, presence, and attention.

Answer 31

Offering self

Question 32

Informing the client that his or her misperceptions are not real. Used when clients experience hallucinations. Should be done in a non threatening, empathetic manner.

Answer 32

Presenting reality

Question 33

Directing questions and feelings back to the client so they can be recognized and accepted

Answer 33

Reflecting

Question 34

Repeating the main idea of what the client has said

Answer 34

Restating

Question 35

Seeking to understand what a client meant

Answer 35

Seeking clarification

Question 36

Allowing time for the client to gather thoughts, think through an issue, experience a strong emotion, etc.

Answer 36

Silence

Question 37

Putting into words what the client has only implied or hinted at

Answer 37

Verbalizing the implied

Question 38

Expressing uncertainty regarding a client’s perceptions or beliefs. Used when clients express delusions. Should be done in a non confrontational, nonjudgemental manner.

Answer 38

Voicing doubt

Question 39

Telling the client what to do

Answer 39

Advice giving

Question 40

Approving or disapproving of a client’s ideas or behaviors

Answer 40

Moralizing

Question 41

Communicating to a client that you do not believe their feelings are legitimate

Answer 41

Belittling the client’s feelings

Question 42

Attempting to protect someone or something from the client’s criticism. Reveals a lack of empathy and encourages the client to double down in their criticism.

Answer 42

Defending

Question 43

Attempting to calm a client’s concerns by asserting that will be a good outcome. Minimizes the client’s concerns and discourages communication.

Answer 43

False reassurances

Question 44

Attempting to force a meaning or interpretation onto a client

Answer 44

Interpreting

Question 45

Changing the topic. Gives evidence of poor listening skills or a desire to keep the conversation superficial.

Answer 45

Introducing an unrelated topic (non sequiturs)

Question 46

Persisting questioning of the client

Answer 46

Probing

Question 47

Cliches. Discourages the client from expressing heavy thoughts or emotions.

Answer 47

Stereotyped comments

Question 48

Asking the client to explain or defend his or herself to the nurse. Does not build rapport.

Answer 48

Why questions

Question 49

Actions that are followed by rewards are strengthened and more likely to occur again. Operant conditioning utilizes this fact.

Answer 49

Operant conditioning

Question 50

Systems in which behavior is regulated by emphasizing and rewarding positive behaviors and removing those rewards when misbehaving. This approach is commonly used in elementary schools.

Answer 50

Token economies

Question 51

The technique involves the intentional removal of a reward for a maladaptive behavior (which is sometimes given unintentionally) so as to decrease its likelihood of recurring. An example of this is teaching parents to ignore and walk away when a child throws a temper tantrum.

Answer 51

Extinction

Question 52

Teaching a client behavioral skills by acting out scenarios and practicing them

Answer 52

Modeling (role playing)

Question 53

A technique in which therapists help clients extinguish phobias by experiencing increasingly anxiety provoking situations. Typically relaxation techniques are practiced during these exposures.

Answer 53

Systematic desensitization

Question 54

Teaching clients proven techniques that decrease anxiety and stress (ex: deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, meditation, etc)

Answer 54

Relaxation techniques (reciprocal inhibition)

Question 55

Helping a client avoid a behavior by teaching a client to associate it with something negative. An example of this is prescribing disulfiram to treat alcoholism. Disulfiram works by causing extreme discomfort when the patient consumes alcohol.

Answer 55

Aversion therapy

Question 56

Roger’s believed constructive change is likely to occur if you are real/transparent with the client (1/3 of Roger’s therapeutic factors)

Answer 56

Genuineness

Question 57

Rogers believed constructive change is likely to occur if you feel genuine caring/acceptance/prizing/love for the client (2/3 Roger’s therapeutic factors)

Answer 57

Unconditional positive regard

Question 58

Rogers believed constructive change is likely to occur if you can understand the inner world of the client (see the world through the client’s eyes)

Answer 58

Empathy

Question 59

In this phase, the nurse prepares for the interaction by obtaining information from the chart, the client’s family, or team members. The nurse should also examine any feelings that may interfere with working with this particular client.

Answer 59

Preinteraction phase

Question 60

During this phase, the focus is on building trust and rapport, defining roles, and mutually determining goals. Sadly, most clients are discharged during the phase.

Answer 60

Orientation (Introductory) Phase

Question 61

If the therapeutic is able to continue, the client and nurse will progress to this phase. Here the focus is on working toward the selected goals. The nurse provides feedback and support during this process.

Answer 61

Working phase