Exam 1 Flashcards
Client’s right to make his or her own decisions (these decisions must not endanger others)
Autonomy
Providing good, helpful treatments
Beneficence
Avoiding actions that cause harm
Nonmaleficence
Keeping your word
Fidelity
Fair and equal treatment regardless of social class, race, economic status, etc
Justice
Being honest, truthful
Veracity
Reducing your pain by helping others
Altruism
Covering up a real or imagined weakness by emphasizing some other strength
Compensation
Converting strong emotional stress into a physical symptom
Conversion
Not acknowledging reality because it is too painful or difficult
Denial
Redirecting your anger at another object, person, or situation
Displacement
Temporarily losing your connection to the outside world to escape the pain
Dissociation
Attempting to improve feelings about self by emulating an admired person
Identification
Avoiding painful emotions by focusing on logic and reasoning
Intellectualization
Attributing your own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or behaviors to someone else
Projection
Justifying unacceptable feelings or behavior by giving excuses
Rationalization
Feeling negative or unacceptable feelings but demonstrating the opposite
Reaction formation
Returning to childlike, immature behaviors during a time of stress
Regression
Unknowingly pushing an unpleasant thought or memory out of your consciousness
Repression
Seeing people, situations, or events as either completely good or completely evil
Splitting
Redirecting unacceptable drives or passions into socially acceptable forms
Sublimation
Consciously deciding to ignore a thought, emotion, or desire
Suppression
Trying to reverse a negative or guilty feeling by doing something to make up for it
Undoing
Allowing the client to choose the topic of discussion
Broad openings
Delving into a topic that seems useful to discuss
Exploring
Asking a client who is rapidly changing topics, to focus on a single idea or thought (not appropriate if the client is extremely anxious)
Focusing
Encouraging the client to come up with a plan for dealing with a problem or future situation
Formulating a plan of action
Giving short verbal or nonverbal encouragement for the client to continue talking
General leads
Noticing a positive behavior from the client (this is better than complimenting)
Giving recognition
Verbalizing your perceptions of the client
Making observations
Making yourself available to the client. Offering your time, presence, and attention.
Offering self
Informing the client that his or her misperceptions are not real. Used when clients experience hallucinations. Should be done in a non threatening, empathetic manner.
Presenting reality
Directing questions and feelings back to the client so they can be recognized and accepted
Reflecting
Repeating the main idea of what the client has said
Restating
Seeking to understand what a client meant
Seeking clarification
Allowing time for the client to gather thoughts, think through an issue, experience a strong emotion, etc.
Silence
Putting into words what the client has only implied or hinted at
Verbalizing the implied
Expressing uncertainty regarding a client’s perceptions or beliefs. Used when clients express delusions. Should be done in a non confrontational, nonjudgemental manner.
Voicing doubt
Telling the client what to do
Advice giving
Approving or disapproving of a client’s ideas or behaviors
Moralizing
Communicating to a client that you do not believe their feelings are legitimate
Belittling the client’s feelings
Attempting to protect someone or something from the client’s criticism. Reveals a lack of empathy and encourages the client to double down in their criticism.
Defending
Attempting to calm a client’s concerns by asserting that will be a good outcome. Minimizes the client’s concerns and discourages communication.
False reassurances
Attempting to force a meaning or interpretation onto a client
Interpreting
Changing the topic. Gives evidence of poor listening skills or a desire to keep the conversation superficial.
Introducing an unrelated topic (non sequiturs)
Persisting questioning of the client
Probing
Cliches. Discourages the client from expressing heavy thoughts or emotions.
Stereotyped comments
Asking the client to explain or defend his or herself to the nurse. Does not build rapport.
Why questions
Actions that are followed by rewards are strengthened and more likely to occur again. Operant conditioning utilizes this fact.
Operant conditioning
Systems in which behavior is regulated by emphasizing and rewarding positive behaviors and removing those rewards when misbehaving. This approach is commonly used in elementary schools.
Token economies
The technique involves the intentional removal of a reward for a maladaptive behavior (which is sometimes given unintentionally) so as to decrease its likelihood of recurring. An example of this is teaching parents to ignore and walk away when a child throws a temper tantrum.
Extinction
Teaching a client behavioral skills by acting out scenarios and practicing them
Modeling (role playing)
A technique in which therapists help clients extinguish phobias by experiencing increasingly anxiety provoking situations. Typically relaxation techniques are practiced during these exposures.
Systematic desensitization
Teaching clients proven techniques that decrease anxiety and stress (ex: deep breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, meditation, etc)
Relaxation techniques (reciprocal inhibition)
Helping a client avoid a behavior by teaching a client to associate it with something negative. An example of this is prescribing disulfiram to treat alcoholism. Disulfiram works by causing extreme discomfort when the patient consumes alcohol.
Aversion therapy
Roger’s believed constructive change is likely to occur if you are real/transparent with the client (1/3 of Roger’s therapeutic factors)
Genuineness
Rogers believed constructive change is likely to occur if you feel genuine caring/acceptance/prizing/love for the client (2/3 Roger’s therapeutic factors)
Unconditional positive regard
Rogers believed constructive change is likely to occur if you can understand the inner world of the client (see the world through the client’s eyes)
Empathy
In this phase, the nurse prepares for the interaction by obtaining information from the chart, the client’s family, or team members. The nurse should also examine any feelings that may interfere with working with this particular client.
Preinteraction phase
During this phase, the focus is on building trust and rapport, defining roles, and mutually determining goals. Sadly, most clients are discharged during the phase.
Orientation (Introductory) Phase
If the therapeutic is able to continue, the client and nurse will progress to this phase. Here the focus is on working toward the selected goals. The nurse provides feedback and support during this process.
Working phase
