Exam 1 Flashcards
(102 cards)
What is Nutrition
the science of food and its nutrients and their actions, interactions and balance in relation to health and disease
The General Role of Nutrition on Health and Disease
inadequate nutrients can lead to
1. heart disease
2. stroke
3. cancer
4. kidney problems
5. diabetes
6. Chronic liver disease
7. Alzheimers
What are Modifiable risks Factors? Give Examples
risk factors that can be easily changed
Examples- physical activity, eating choices, smoking
What are non-modifiable risk factors? Give Examples
risk factors that cannot be changed
Examples- genes, height, family history
What are Nutrients
- substances of food that are required by the body to maintain basic bodily functions
What are nutrients role in the body?
- they can produce energy
- help the body detect and respond to environmental surroundings
- move, excrete respire, grow, and reproduce
What are Macronutrients?
- nutrients that are needed in larger quantities every day that are metabolically processed into cellular energy to carry out basic functions
What are the Types of Macronutrients
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
What are micronutrients
- nutrients needed by the body to carry out basic functions but needed in lesser amounts
What are lipids made up of
- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What are proteins made up of
- nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What are carbohydrates made up of
- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What is water made up of
hydrogen and water
Food Sources of Carbohydrates
- grains
- nuts
-seeds - legumes
- fruits
- veggies
Food Sources of Lipids
- oils
- meat
- dairy
Food Sources of Proteins
- chicken
- diary
- broccoli
- chickpeas
What is a Simple Carbohydrate
- fast releasing carb made up of one or two basic units
What is a complex carbohydrate
slow releasing carbs made up of chains of simple carbs that can be branched or unbranched
What is a monosaccharide and examples
one molecule of sugar
1. glucose
2 fructose
3. galactose
What is a disaccharide and examples
2 sugar molecules
1. sucrose
2. lactose
3. maltose
What are fatty acids
made up of hydrocarbon atoms
backbones of lipids
What are triglycerides
Glycogen and 3 fatty acids
body fat in humans
What are Phospohlipids
a unique amphiliphic dyglicerides that are found in cell membranes
What are sterols
lipids with a ring structure