Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

psychology > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

positive punishment

A

adding bad to decrease behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

positive reinforcement

A

adding good to increase behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

negative punishment

A

subtracting good to decrease behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

negative reinforcement

A

subtracting bad to increase behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

___ + ___ = CS

A

US + NS = CS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the same as the CS

A

UR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

psychology

A

the scientific study of behavioral and mental processing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

structuralism

A

Wundt; introspection used to reveal mind’s structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

functionalism

A

W. James; how mental & behavioral processing enable adaptation, survival, & flourish.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

behavioral approach

A

observational responses (B.F Skinner)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cognitive approach

A

non-observable, internal processing in knowing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

psychodynamic approach

A

unconscious thoughts and looking back at childhood. (Freud)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

evolutionary

A

argue that behaviors can be traced back to early civilization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

humanistic

A

positive qualities of a person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

biological

A

focus on the body - brain and spinal cord.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sociocultural

A

understanding culture to understand behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

scientific method

A

self-collecting for evaluating with observations & analysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

steps to scientific method

A

observe, form hypothesis, empirical research, draw conclusions, evaluate conclusions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

empirical method

A

evidence-based, draws on observations and experimentation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

descriptive research

A

describing & observing. (surveys, interviews, case studies)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

correlational research

A

relationships between variables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

experimental research

A

researchers choose which variable to manipulate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

participant design

A

participants go through all conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

quasi-experimental

A

study differences between naturally occurring groups.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

research cautions

A

bias (swaying one way), placebo effect (expectations influence), replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

sensory info v. motor info

A

sensory - afferent (in)
motor - efferent (out)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

neural networks

A

integrate sensory and motor info.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

peripheral (PNS)

A

nerve networks connecting CNS to the body & execute CNS commands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

autonomic (ANS)

A

automatic processing

30
Q

somatic (SNS)

A

sensory nerves convey info from brain and order to motor nerve.

31
Q

sympathetic

A

arouses body (under ANS)

32
Q

parasympathetic

A

calms body (ANS)

33
Q

sensory info comes from…

A

vision
audition
touch
gustation
olfcation

34
Q

thalamus

A

directs where info goes; top of brainstem.

35
Q

all lobes are __ except the ____

A

afferent; frontal lobe

36
Q

frontal lobe

A

CEO of the brain; executes decisions based off info received.

37
Q

neurons

A

information processors

38
Q

cell body / soma

A

keeps neurons alive.

39
Q

dendrites

A

receiver

40
Q

axons

A

transmitter

41
Q

myelin sheaths

A

protect the axon.

42
Q

axon terminal

A

sends info to synaptic gap.

43
Q

synaptic gap

A

space between dendrites.

44
Q

excitatory neurotransmitters

A

revs neurons up.

45
Q

inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

chills neurons down

46
Q

Acetylcholine (Ach)

A

stimulates muscle, learning, memory (excitatory).

47
Q

GABA

A

increases motor control, stops firing (inhibitory).

48
Q

glutamate

A

helps learning and memory (excitatory).

49
Q

norepinphrine

A

excites heart muscle, intestines, urogenital tract, monitors alertness (both).

50
Q

dopamine

A

helps movement, memory, pleasure, motivation (excitatory).

51
Q

serotonin

A

regulates sleep, mood, attention, learning (excitatory).

52
Q

oxytocin

A

love and social binding

53
Q

endorphins

A

depress nervous system, increases pleasure.

54
Q

absolute threshold

A

minimum level of stimulus activity to detect stimulus.

55
Q

signal detection theory

A

whether a stimulus is detected depends on intensity and psychological factors.

56
Q

difference threshold

A

minimum differences for a person to detect differences.

57
Q

weber’s law

A

must differ a minimum percentage.

58
Q

cornea

A

protects and bends light to focus.

59
Q

iris

A

colored part of the eye.

60
Q

lens

A

bends light more to focus it on retina (called accommodations).

61
Q

retina

A

records electromagnetic energy and converts it to neural impulses.

62
Q

rods

A

receptor cells in retina that are sensitive to light.

63
Q

cones

A

receptor cells in retina that allow color perception.

64
Q

trichromatic theory

A

Helmholz; color perception produced by 3 cones (red, blue, green).

65
Q

opponent-process theory

A

cells respond to complementary pairs (red/green, yellow/blue, black/white)

66
Q

classical conditioning

A

link of two stimuli that help anticipate an event (Pavlov, 1897). Proceeds behavior.

67
Q

operant conditioning

A

changing behavior choices in response to consequences (Skinner, 1937). follows behavior.

68
Q

cognitive learning

A

acquired new behaviors and info mentally. (observing, talking).

69
Q

observational learning

A

a person observes and imitates behavior (king, 2021).

70
Q

learning factors - purposeful behaviors

A

goal drive, expectancy learning & info.

71
Q

learning factors - insight

A

(Kohler, 1925) - problem solving; organism develops sudden insight of a problem’s solution.

72
Q

critical thinking

A

curious, skeptical, objective

psychology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions