Exam 1

Question 1

True or False: Class attendance has no effect on final grade

Answer 1

False; positively correlated with higher grades

Question 2

The 5 soil forming factors are:

Answer 2

Climate, organisms, relief, parent material, time (not rainfall)

Question 3

What soil order is commonly the site of most disaster cleanups related to water?

Answer 3

Entisols

Question 4

What are the two most common soil orders found in Tennessee?

Answer 4

Alfisols + Ultisols

Question 5

What soil order is the most productive in the world?

Answer 5

Mollisols

Question 6

What are two conflicting land uses?

Answer 6

Farming & Living

Question 7

What caused the shrinking of the Aral Sea?

Answer 7

Irrigation

Question 8

What crop caused the shrinking of the Aral Sea?

Answer 8

Cotton

Question 9

What soil order will catch fire?

Answer 9

Histosols

Question 10

Why can you move crops East and West but not North and South?

Answer 10

Day length

Question 11

Why is climate change a fact?

Answer 11

Rock records & rising sea levels

Question 12

Why is the subsidence post important to measuring the sustainability of land use?

Answer 12

Measures disappearance of topsoil

Question 13

Why are land prices increasing in Africa and are somewhat close to land prices in the US?

Answer 13

International and US markets are linked

Question 14

How are land and commodity prices related?

Answer 14

Farmer’s prices go up, land prices go up (Supply and demand)

Question 15

the development of agriculture provided the framework for what changes in rural society?

Answer 15

1. Allowed permanent settlements
2. Increased population
3. Allowed for specializations

Question 16

What was Yali’s question?

Answer 16

Why do white people have so much cargo?

Question 17

Who was Laurens Van Der Post and the significance of his writings?

Answer 17

Dutch, lived in South Africa. Was Prison of War in North Africa

Question 18

What did the Bushmen celebrate and how did they celebrate?

Answer 18

When the men return from the hunt, all gather and the women sing and beat various poly-rhythmic patterns while the men dance in celebration of their victories.

Question 19

Describe several attributes of the Bushman

Answer 19

short and slim; hunter gatherers; From Botswana

Question 20

Why was “loose” skin important as per Lauren’s grandfather?

Answer 20

Allowed to eat more and preserve more food

Question 21

What did the Bushmen celebrate and how did they celebrate?

Answer 21

Singing & dancing after a hunt

Question 22

Describe some of the methods used by the Bushman to survive in extreme environments.

Answer 22

Poisoned spear/arrow tips, eating as much as they could, followed lions to scavenge food, never totally emptying out an ostrich’s nest so that bird would lay eggs again.

Question 23

What is meant when Van der Post writes that “they never exceeded their proportions?”

Answer 23

Only killed what they needed to survive

Question 24

What was unique about the way the Bushmen hunted; i.e., what was unique about how they used their arrows? Same arrow for all game?

Answer 24

The bushmen would follow larger predators and ‘help’ the predator catch the prey, then stole the carcass once the predator ate enough. They used poison arrows, using more potent poison for larger game

Question 25

What food item did the Bushmen really, really like that they would scale mountains to obtain?

Answer 25

Honey

Question 26

What insect killed Dr. Eash’s chickens?

Answer 26

African Honey bee

Question 27

What insects seem to have no effect on the Bushmen but have limited European movement northward in Africa?

Answer 27

Honey bee, Tsetse fly

Question 28

Be able to describe the transitions in the early Bushmen paintings to the later paintings after

Answer 28

Went from depicting natural scenes to depicting conflict, and becoming sparse, eventually disappearing. (due to Europeans)

Question 29

Explain how the paintings were “cataloged” at Tsodilo Hills?

Answer 29

Animal type and paint color

Question 30

The Bushmen paintings establish the fact that Bushmen were nomadic…How?

Answer 30

The same person’s paintings were found hundreds of miles apart & they found paintings of many different animals that are across Africa.

Question 31

How did Van Der Post get in trouble with the South Africa government over his view of the
Bushmen?

Answer 31

He believed the Bushman - who were black, indigenous people - did the paintings and not some white person as per the apartheid policy

Question 32

Explain how fanaticism, Calvinism, and fear contributed to the treatment of the Bushmen

Answer 32

Europeans attempted forced assimilation upon Bushmen due to their differing cultures

Question 33

Did the Bushmen approve of senicide or geronticide (abandoning elders) or infanticide?

Answer 33

Yes, old people were left behind when too old to make the next move to the next waterhole; also if there were twins one would be left behind else both would die from malnutrition.

Question 34

Food production increases _______ while population increases _______

Answer 34

Linearly, exponentially

Question 35

1 billion people go hungry each night…Why? Enough food produced or not?

Answer 35

Enough food is produced, the issue is distribution and waste

Question 36

Why is there so much demand for prime farmland?

Answer 36

Prime farmland has many uses

Question 37

Explain the two general timeframes for erosion occurrence

Answer 37

a. Geological: always occurring, slow, natural erosions, soil formation
b. Accelerated: due to humans, animals, recreational vehicles, farming,

Question 38

How does erosion impact soil fertility?

Answer 38

Losing topsoil, erosion washes away the more fertile topsoil, leaving less fertile subsoils

Question 39

Why is erosion prevention important?

Answer 39

Land Degradation and Loss

Question 40

Explain the magnitude of erosion scars that can be seen after the event

Answer 40

Water carries silt away, causing galleys in the soil reactive erosion control

Question 41

Describe reactive versus proactive approaches to erosion control.

Answer 41

Proactive erosion control: planning to prevent erosion before it occurs. Paying close attention to potential problem areas such low spots, driveway cuts, handicap ramps, and slopes.
Reactive: reacting to erosion as it occurs. Trying to fill the gullies after they have formed.