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Evolutionary biology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Fossil

A

preserved evidence of life (impressions and mineralized remains)

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2
Q

Evolution

A

change in the properties of groups over generations

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3
Q

Cetaceans

A

marine mammals

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4
Q

Natural selection

A

organisms outcompete each other with survival and reproduction

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5
Q

Homologous

A

shared trait inherited from common ancestor

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6
Q

Analogous

A

shared trait derived from environmental factors, not common ancestor

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7
Q

Synapomorphy

A

shared trait among a group of related species derived from common ancestor

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8
Q

Morphology

A

structure/form of organisms

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9
Q

Phylogeny

A

evolutionary branching pattern

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10
Q

Whales and Fish

A

lineages evolved independently, but converged on analogous structures

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11
Q

Ambulocetus

A

fossil whale with legs and traits intermediate between terrestrial and aquatic

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12
Q

Viral reassortment

A

ability to swap genes with other viruses

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13
Q

When did whales evolve from land mammals

A

~50 MYA

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14
Q

Hemagglutinin

A

allows a virus to bind to the cells of its host

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15
Q

Is behavior a phenotype

A

yes

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16
Q

2 early questions about nature

A
  1. what were the patterns in diversity?
  2. how did they come to be?
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17
Q

Great Chain of Being

A

hierarchal system, lower to higher forms. 300 BC

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18
Q

Taxa

A

nestled hierarchy of groups

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19
Q

Linnean classification

A

taxonomy

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20
Q

Steno

A

founder of geology ( shark tooth on mountain)

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21
Q

Stratigraphy

A

study of rock layering

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22
Q

Paley

A

proposed that the mechanical complexity of organisms is evidence of the divine (watch on road example)

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23
Q

Buffon

A

life has changed over time; believed varieties, but not species, could evolve. Believed life could be divided into unrelated types

24
Q

Cuvier

A

discovered mastidons

25
Hutton
very slowly changing earth
26
Smith
first geological map of fossils and rock layers
27
Lamarckism is used by
epigenetics
28
Galapagos 1977 drought
small beaked finches died, avg beak size increased next generation
29
1983 flood
large beaked finches died, decrease in beak size next generation
30
Darwin
father of evolution, Galapagos finches, On the Origin of Species. Characteristics of lineages change over time. Common descent. Gradual change through intermediate forms. Natural selection.
31
What set apart Darwin's and Wallace's concept of natural selection from other theories?
they thought change was very gradual
32
Why are embryos useful in studying evolution?
some homologies are only evident when animals are embryos, and disappear when they develop
33
Cenozoic
0-66 MYA
34
Mesozoic
66-252 MYA
35
Paleozoic
252-541 MYA
36
Proterozoic
541-2500 MYA
37
Archean
2400-4000 MYA
38
T/F most organisms fossilize
false
39
Melanosomes
help reconstruct color from fossils
40
Lagerstatten
slow decay and preserve soft-bodied organisms
41
Earliest evidence of life
~3.7 BYA (stromatolites - mats of bacteria; microbes)
42
Signs of life
3.7-4.3 BYA
43
Multicellularity
evolved independently in different lineages
44
Earliest evidence of Multicellular life
2.1 BYA
45
Earliest evidence of Animals
650 MYA
46
Cambrian fauna
still existing lineages; 542-511 MYA
47
Edicarian fauna
eradicated 535-575 MYA
48
Earliest evidence of Chordates
515 MYA
49
Earliest evidence of Terrestrial animals
428 MYA
50
Radioactive isotopes
used to date rocks
51
Biomarkers
molecular evidence
52
3 main branches of life
Bacteria, archaea, eukarya
53
Earliest evidence of humans
300,000 years
54
What evidence did Darwin use to predict the age of Earth
observable processes, such as erosion and sedimentation. Predicted that Earth is 100s of MYA.
55
How did the fossils of the Burgess Shale likely form
animals fell into anoxic ocean depths and were covered by fine sediment
56
T/F animals are more closely related to single-celled eukaryotes than fungi
true
57
Why is a notochord an important adaptation for understanding the evolution of humans?
it is a characteristic of chordates

Evolutionary biology (1 decks)

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