Exam 1 Flashcards
T/F Compared to the rest of the world, the US consumes far less than its share of illicit drugs.
False
T/F Both globally and in the US, lifetime use of alcohol and most other drugs is higher for men than women.
True
What age group has the highest rate of current illicit drug use in the US?
18-20
Rate the following drugs in order of prevalence of use in the US: alcohol, cocaine, weed, non-medical use of prescription drugs, tobacco.
Alcohol, tobacco, weed, non-medical use of prescription drugs, cocaine
3 reasons people use drugs
To feel pleasure, avoid pain, change one’s state of consciousness
T/F Naturally occurring drugs are usually more potent and more toxic than synthetically manufactured versions of the drug.
False
Match Substances to its origin:
___ Tobacco
___ Captopril
___ Endorphins
___ Heroin
___ Opium
A. Endogenous
B. Naturally occurring
C. Synthetic
B,B,A,C,B
Matching:
___ Adderall
___ C9H13N
___ Addy’s
___ dextroamphetamine sulfate
A. Chemical name/Formula
B. Generic Name
C. Trade Name
D. Street Name
C,A,D,B
Which of the following is not a schedule 1 drug?
A. Marijuana
B. Heroin
C. Cocaine
D. LSD
Cocaine
Put the steps for new drug development in order: clinical trials, post-marketing analysis, NDA application, animal testing, FDA approval, IND application, FDA review
Animal testing, IND application, clinical trials, NDA application, FDA review, FDA approval, post-marketing analysis
The space between two neurons is called
Synapse
Which is not a way that the effects at the postsynaptic receptor are terminated?
A. Reuptake into the presynaptic cell
B. Release of a chemical that destroys the postsynaptic receptors
C. Enzymatic breakdown of the neurotransmitter
D. Diffusion of neurotransmitter away from the receptor
Release of a chemical that destroys the postsynaptic receptors
The central nervous system is made up of the ___ and ___
Brain and spinal cord
Which is true about the sympathetic nervous system?
A. it is part of the CNS
B. It is part of the ANS
C. It increases heart rate
D. Its actions may be increased by cocaine
E. A, C, and D
F. B, C, and D
G. All of the above
B, C, D
Matching:
___ Frontal lobe
___ Hypothalamus
___ Basal ganglia
___ Cerebellum
___ Medulla
___ Occipital lobe of cortex
A. Vision
B. Balance, posture, coordination
C. Controls ANS, hormone release, sex, emotions, temperature regulation, feeding behavior
D. Smoothing, programming, initiating and terminating movement, degenerated in Parkinsons
E. Sensation of touch
F. Reasoning, judgments, decision-making
G. Keeps you alive: breathing, heartbeat, swallowing
F,C,D,B,G,A
T/F The cerebellum includes the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and basal ganglia
False, the cerebrum contains the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and basal ganglia
Which of the following is most involved in pleasure, reward, and addiction?
A. nucleus accumbens
B. medulla oblongata
C. ventral tegmental area
D. cerebellum
E. A and C
F. B and D
A and C
T/F The capillaries of the CNS are very leaky, so all substances in the blood can have access to the neurons in the brain.
False
Which of the following would most likely be the result of a drug that increases the neurotransmitter GABA?
A. increases heart rate
B. Increases sleep
C. Increases pain
D. Increases the strength of muscle contraction
B
What are two advantages and two disadvantages for the following routes of administration: oral, IV, and transdermal
Oral:
Advantages- Easy, safe, compact
Disadvantages- Slow and highly variable absorption, first-pass effect, not good in emergencies
IV:
Advantages- Fast, accurate blood concentration
Disadvantages- Expensive, painful, can’t be reversed
Transdermal:
Advantages- easy to administer, non-invasive, slow and continuous delivery
Disadvantages- Not appropriate for all drugs, hard to control accuracy of dose, may irritate skin
What is the name of the enzyme family of the liver that metabolizes many drugs?
CYP450
Which of the following best relates to pharmacodynamics?
A. The route by which a drug is administered
B. The effect that food has on the absorption of the drug
C. The ability of a drug to bind to a receptor and exert an effect
D. Whether the drug undergoes the first-pass effect
C
Matching:
1. Increases synthesis
2. Increases release
3. Blocks reuptake
4. Blocks postsynaptic receptors
A. Agonist
B. Antagonist
- A
- A
- A
- B
T/F The environment in which a drug is taken has very little influence on the drug’s effect.
False
T/F All side effects are harmful
False
If a therapeutic index of a drug is 50, and the effective dose is two tablets, how many tablets would be lethal in 50% of the population?
100
What is the name for the phenomenon when a cell decreases the number of its receptors in response to an increased amount of neurotransmitter?
Downregulation
T/F Withdrawal symptoms are typically opposite to those of the direct effects of the drug.
True
