Exam 1 Flashcards
stimulus
any sensory information or cue that could evoke a response
response
a behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus
associative learning
involves connecting 2 or more things
non associative learning
involves change to how an organism responds to a single thing
(does not involve connecting multiple things)
habituation
a decrease in responding to a repeatedly presented stimulus
(does not require a response)
spontaneous recovery
when the response to a stimulus returns after a delay
dishabituation
when the response to a stimulus returns after the presentation of a different novel stimulus
sensitization
an increase in responding to a repeatedly presented stimulus
(can occur after a single presentation)
stimulus generalization
when the response or associations with one stimulus are elicited by other similar stimuli
stimulus discrimination
when the responses or associations with one stimulus are not elicited by different similar stimuli
generalization gradient
change in strength or frequency of a response to different similar stimuli as a function of their similarity to the trained stimulus
Dual process theory
propose that there are neural systems to habituation and sensitize working together
familiarization
the acquisition of familiarity through repetition
priming
when the presentation of a stimulus influences the response to a later stimulus
perceptual learning
learning in which repeatedly experiencing stimuli make those stimuli easier to perceive and distinguish
neutral stimulus
elicits no response
US
naturally elicits a response (no learning/conditioning)
UR
natural response elicited by the US
CS
stimulus, after learning, elicits a new response
CR
new response that is elicited by the CS
conditioning sequence
pre conditioning, acquisition, after conditioning (test)
appetitive conditioning
occurs when the US is a desirable event
aversive conditioning
occurs when the US is an undesirable event
interstimulus interval
amount of time between the onset of the CS and the onset of the US during acquisition
delay conditioning
CS starts before US and ends at the same time
trace conditioning
CS starts and ends before US
backwards conditioning
US presented before CS
extinction
reduction of CR when the CS is presented without US
Response prevention paradigm
paradigm to block the response during the conditioning of a neutral stimulus and a US
CS does lead to CR
US devaluation paradigm
CS and US are conditioned but then the US is devalued
CS does NOT lead to the CR
sensory preconditioning paradigm
2 neutral stimuli are conditioned then CS1 is conditioned with an US later
CS2 does lead to CR
2nd order conditioning paradigm
neutral stimulus is conditioned with a US so it becomes CS1. CS1 is conditioned with new stimulus becoming CS2.
CS2 does lead to CR- devalue the US and it still leads to CR
contiguity
closeness in time and space of CS and US
contingency
degree to which a CS predicts occurrence of US
positive contingency
US is more likely when preceded by CS than when not preceded by CS
negative contingency
US is less likely when preceded by CS than when not preceded by CS
associative bias
some associations are simply just preferred by an organisms brain
compound associations
two CSs are conditioned with the same US
CSs compete for association with US.
blocking
earlier arriving CS prevents conditioning to a later CS
first part of equation
change in association strength (learning)
a (in equation)
rate of learning
upside down Y (in equation)
potential maximum strength of association between CSs and US
V (in equation)
current strength of association between CSs and US
