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PSY 414 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

stimulus

A

any sensory information or cue that could evoke a response

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2
Q

response

A

a behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus

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3
Q

associative learning

A

involves connecting 2 or more things

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4
Q

non associative learning

A

involves change to how an organism responds to a single thing
(does not involve connecting multiple things)

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5
Q

habituation

A

a decrease in responding to a repeatedly presented stimulus
(does not require a response)

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6
Q

spontaneous recovery

A

when the response to a stimulus returns after a delay

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7
Q

dishabituation

A

when the response to a stimulus returns after the presentation of a different novel stimulus

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8
Q

sensitization

A

an increase in responding to a repeatedly presented stimulus
(can occur after a single presentation)

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9
Q

stimulus generalization

A

when the response or associations with one stimulus are elicited by other similar stimuli

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10
Q

stimulus discrimination

A

when the responses or associations with one stimulus are not elicited by different similar stimuli

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11
Q

generalization gradient

A

change in strength or frequency of a response to different similar stimuli as a function of their similarity to the trained stimulus

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12
Q

Dual process theory

A

propose that there are neural systems to habituation and sensitize working together

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13
Q

familiarization

A

the acquisition of familiarity through repetition

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14
Q

priming

A

when the presentation of a stimulus influences the response to a later stimulus

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15
Q

perceptual learning

A

learning in which repeatedly experiencing stimuli make those stimuli easier to perceive and distinguish

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16
Q

neutral stimulus

A

elicits no response

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17
Q

US

A

naturally elicits a response (no learning/conditioning)

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18
Q

UR

A

natural response elicited by the US

19
Q

CS

A

stimulus, after learning, elicits a new response

20
Q

CR

A

new response that is elicited by the CS

21
Q

conditioning sequence

A

pre conditioning, acquisition, after conditioning (test)

22
Q

appetitive conditioning

A

occurs when the US is a desirable event

23
Q

aversive conditioning

A

occurs when the US is an undesirable event

24
Q

interstimulus interval

A

amount of time between the onset of the CS and the onset of the US during acquisition

25
Q

delay conditioning

A

CS starts before US and ends at the same time

26
Q

trace conditioning

A

CS starts and ends before US

27
Q

backwards conditioning

A

US presented before CS

28
Q

extinction

A

reduction of CR when the CS is presented without US

29
Q

Response prevention paradigm

A

paradigm to block the response during the conditioning of a neutral stimulus and a US
CS does lead to CR

30
Q

US devaluation paradigm

A

CS and US are conditioned but then the US is devalued
CS does NOT lead to the CR

31
Q

sensory preconditioning paradigm

A

2 neutral stimuli are conditioned then CS1 is conditioned with an US later
CS2 does lead to CR

32
Q

2nd order conditioning paradigm

A

neutral stimulus is conditioned with a US so it becomes CS1. CS1 is conditioned with new stimulus becoming CS2.
CS2 does lead to CR- devalue the US and it still leads to CR

33
Q

contiguity

A

closeness in time and space of CS and US

34
Q

contingency

A

degree to which a CS predicts occurrence of US

35
Q

positive contingency

A

US is more likely when preceded by CS than when not preceded by CS

36
Q

negative contingency

A

US is less likely when preceded by CS than when not preceded by CS

37
Q

associative bias

A

some associations are simply just preferred by an organisms brain

38
Q

compound associations

A

two CSs are conditioned with the same US
CSs compete for association with US.

39
Q

blocking

A

earlier arriving CS prevents conditioning to a later CS

40
Q

first part of equation

A

change in association strength (learning)

41
Q

a (in equation)

A

rate of learning

42
Q

upside down Y (in equation)

A

potential maximum strength of association between CSs and US

43
Q

V (in equation)

A

current strength of association between CSs and US

PSY 414 (1 decks)

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