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Rural/Comp Handling/Husb > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a breed

A

Homogenous grouping of animals within a species

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2
Q

Breeds were developed by

A

humans through selection and mating to optimize certain qualities
Developed over many generations

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3
Q

A Breed represnts groups of genetically realted animals (common ancestors) that share what two things

A

Genotypes = genetic makeup
Phenotypes = similar physical characteristics

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4
Q

Example of breed development in bordercollies, LGD, Game/bird dogs, and terriers

A

~British sheep farmers developed border collies to move sheep
~Other sheep farmers developed dogs to guard the flocks from wolves
~Hunters developed game dogs and waterfowl dogs to hunt birds
~Terriers were developed to hunt pests

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5
Q

What are some characteristics of Dogs?
Conformation reflects origin of dogs as land dwelling predators

A

In general, they are mobile and can chase prey
eyes are adapted to detect motion of prey
Keen olfaction and hearing
Teeth designed to grip, kill, and consume prey

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6
Q

What are the three different coat types (length/texture)

A

Double, Single, and broken

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7
Q

What is a double coat

A

short, dense undercoat with a long outer coat

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8
Q

What is a single coat breed?

A

Maltese, Italian greyhound

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9
Q

What are broken coats (terriers)

A

crinkly, wiry, harsh

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10
Q

What are the basic coat colors

A

Black, brown, chocolate, liver, tan , red, yellow or gold, blue, grey, white

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11
Q

What is sable?

A

~Black tipped hairs overlaid on a different colored background
~Gold sable as well as gray sable and silver sable exist
~Undercoat is usually light in color
(German Shepard)

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12
Q

Merle

A

Irregular dark blotches of color against a lighter background

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13
Q

Ticking:

A

Small areas of dark hairs interspersed with lighter colors throughout coat
(hound breed and gun dogs)

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14
Q

Brindle

A

Coat with black or dark hairs interspersed with lighter hairs in a striped pattern

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15
Q

Splashed coat:

A

Irregular markings, usually white, on a deeply colored background

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16
Q

Tri-colored:

A

Black, tan, and white

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17
Q

Parti-colored:

A

White and another color in approximately equal proportions

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18
Q

Pinto or Piebald:

A

Irregular colored patches superimposed on a white background

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19
Q

What are Sporting Dogs used for?

A

used in hunting game and waterfowl

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20
Q

Sporing Dogs coats

A

Easy to take care of

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21
Q

What do sporting dogs thrive on

A

activity and exercise

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22
Q

What are hound dogs used for

A

hunting

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23
Q

Sight hounds

A

hunt by sight

24
Q

scent hounds

A

hunt by scent

25
Q

How do hounds alert huntsmen that they have found a trail

A

the “Bay”

26
Q

What do working dogs do

A

pull sleds
guard property
some are rescue dogs (on land and in the water)

27
Q

Terrier group

A

Hunt and dig for vermin
generally feisty
High energy and lively character
Attitude = eager to take on confromation

28
Q

Toy group

A

Selected and bred as lap dogs and pampered pets
small in stature
excellent companions for older people, city dwellers
can be tough and tenacious

29
Q

Non-sporting group

A

much variety
generally sturdy and strong dogs

30
Q

Herding group

A

Members share ability to control movement of other animals
Herd cattle, sheep, and other livestock
Active, intelligent, and determined dogs
Some breeds used in police work and search and rescue

31
Q

General characteristics of cats

A

~Active animals
~Affectionate?
~Clean
~Easy to care for
~Independent
~Tolerant?
~Keen sense of hearing, sight, and smell
~Very quick and agile
~Predators of birds and small mammals (some have even faced extinction due to cats!)

32
Q

Eyes of cats

A

~Kittens eyes are blue when first opened
~Then eyes can turn orange, amber, green, or stay blue
~Odd eye color (one blue, one yellow, or one orange) common in white cats
~Cats can see 6 times better than humans in the dark - Due to large pupil size
~Also due to a structure called the Tapetum - Layer of cells behind retina that reflect available light back into the eye - Also why cat’s eyes “shine” or “glow” in the dark

33
Q

Why are white cats with blue eyes often deaf?

A

During embryogenesis, the dominant white gene inhibits the migration of auditory nerve cells required for hearing.

34
Q

Balance and orientation

A

Flexible spine and balance organ in inner ear enables them to orient their bodies
Why they often land on their feet after a fall or jump from a height

Tail is also important for balance

35
Q

Vocal cords

A

2 sets – upper and lower vocal cords

Lower vocal cords produce the “meow” and other normal cat sounds

Upper vocal cords produce growls and purring noises

36
Q

Foot pads/ toe beans

A

Rubberlike pads on paws enable them to tread softly and quietly

37
Q

Life expectancy

A

10 to 14 years

10 years in a cat is approximately equal to 50 years in a person

Indoor cats usually live longer than outdoor cats

38
Q

Habits and change

A

Very much creatures of habit
Enjoy environmental stability and dislike change

May explain why cats do not usually enjoy car rides or going to the veterinarian

39
Q

Whiskers

A

30 long whiskers growing in 4 rows from side of mouth to above eyes

Serve as a device to feel the environment and assess dimensions of space

Also used for communication

40
Q

Basic Coat Colors

A

White
Black
Red (orange, ginger)
Blue (diluted black)
Cream (diluted red)
Brown (chocolate)
Lilac
Cinnamon
Fawn

41
Q

Basic coat patterns

A

Solid
Bicolor (white plus one other color)
Calico (white, black, red – almost always female)
Tabby
Tortoiseshell (mix of red and black or diluted versions of cream and blue)
Colorpoint

42
Q

Historical perspective of breeds

A

The breeding of cats for specific purposes is only just over a century old

Cat Fanciers’ Association (CFA) was established in the US in 1906
World’s largest registry of pedigreed cats
41 recognized breeds

43
Q

What is a Pedigreed Cat?

A

Cat whose ancestry is in a recognized breed
Must have been recorded and registered through 4 or more generations

A breed of cat has certain traits
But not all cats with those traits are members of that breed
Example: All blue cats are not “Russian Blue” cats

44
Q

Persian cats

A

Short, thick legs with a rounded head and short nose
Long and flowing coat
Many different coat colors

Himalayan Persians created by crossing Persian and Siamese cats
Have long hair of Persians and color point patterns of Siamese

45
Q

Maine Coon Cats

A

Large size
Easygoing, good natured temperament
Began as workers in the New England region to control rodent populations

Heavy, insulating coat
Bushy tail
Tufted ears and toes

46
Q

Exotic cats (Exotic Shorthair)

A

Developed by crossing Persians with shorthaired breeds of cats
Example: Persian + American Shorthair

Round head with small rounded ears

47
Q

Siamese cats

A

Light colored body with blue eyes and dark colored points (ears, face, tail, feet)
Famous ability to vocalize
Raspy “yowl” used to gain attention and express their mood

Interesting fact – Darker points are due to a temperature sensitive enzyme
Pigment produced only at temperatures below 95 degrees F

48
Q

Ragdoll Cats

A

Large and affectionate cats
Great temperaments

49
Q

Abyssinian cats

A

Originated in Eygpt
Active, agile, and playful
Distinguished by a “ticked” tabby coat (more common in wild cats)

Warm brown or reddish brown most common color

50
Q

Birman cats

A

Large size with long, straight hair
Colored “mask” and matching set of four white “boots”

Usually gentle and quite natured
Also known as the “Sacred Cat of Burma

51
Q

American shorthair cats

A

Developed from native American working cats
Stocky cats with a short coat

Described as agile, hardy, affectionate, and intelligent
Also described as “home-loving”

52
Q

Oriental shorthair cats

A

Originated from Siamese crosses
Have a “honking” sounding meow
Body and personality of Siamese but much variety exists in coat color/pattern

53
Q

Sphynx Cats

A

Developed in Canada during the 1960’s
Generally friendly and intelligent

Have wrinkled skin, large ears, and expressive lemon shaped eyes
Skin may be pigmented
Long muscular body
Require regular bathing and can sunburn (keep indoors)

54
Q

Period from 3 weeks to 8 weeks –

A

puppy learns how to react to others of their species
Also learn species identification

55
Q

Primary socialization period (PSP)

A

Begins at 3 weeks and continues to 16 weeks

This is the critical period for humans (or other species) to begin interacting with a puppy

56
Q

By 8 to 9 weeks puppy is developing

A

“stable learning”
Puppy will remember experiences
It will seek to duplicate rewarding experiences/avoid painful ones

57
Q
A

Rural/Comp Handling/Husb (1 decks)

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