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NUR-341 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe aspects of mental health

A
  • coping w/ normal stressors of life
  • working productively
  • contributing to the community
  • thinking rationally
  • effective communication
  • grow emotionally
  • good self esteem
  • have resilience
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2
Q

Define the concept of resilience in mental health

A
  • ability to maintain well-being in stressful circumstances
  • awareness & acceptance of problems
  • optimism
  • good interpersonal skills
  • use of social support
  • sense of competence
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3
Q

Identify how the Diagnostic & Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM) is used to diagnose psychiatric conditions

A
  • keeps things standardized
  • gives criteria for mental disorders
  • helps w/ planning, implementing, & evaluating care (3 dimensions)
  • assessment of someone’s functioning in the day to day
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4
Q

What are the social influences of mental health care in the US

A
  • consumer movement & “recovery”
  • Decade of the Brain (1990’s)
    -Human Genome Project (1990-2003)
  • Sugeon General’s Report on Mental Illness (1999)
  • President’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2003)
  • Institute of Medicine
  • Affordable Care Act (2010)
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5
Q

Describe goals of inpatient psychiatric hospitalization

A
  • prevention of harm to self or others
  • rapid stabilization
  • re-entry into community
  • use yourself yo develop a relationship w/ a pt
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6
Q

Describe consumer movement & “recovery”

A
  • advocated for rights & fought stigma
  • process of change through which individuals improve their health & wellness, live a self directed life & strive for full potential
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7
Q

Describe Decade of the Brain

A
  • focused on dementia
  • lots of new psych meds came out
  • made public aware of advances in neuroscience
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8
Q

Describe Human Genome Project

A
  • discovered psych disorders have genetic & environmental factors
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9
Q

Describe Surgeon’s General’s Report on Mental Illness

A
  • 1st report on mental health
  • there are effective treatments for MH
  • MH is fundamental for overall health
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10
Q

Describe President’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health

A
  • improve access to treatment
  • big focus was on screening in high risk populations
  • focus on resilience & recovery as well
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11
Q

Describe Institute of Medicine

A
  • big focus on QUALITY healthcare
  • MH issues are treated differently than others
  • find out what’s wrong w/ out system
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12
Q

Describe Affordable Care Act

A
  • stated MH should be accessible & affordable
  • MH should be valued & covered by insurance
  • MH should not be integrated into primary care
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13
Q

Describe examples of culturally relevant care in psych nursing

A
  • effectivley wrk within a pt’s cultural context
  • adjust practice to meet pt’s unique beliefs, practices, needs & preferences
  • awareness
  • knowledge
  • skill
  • culturally desire
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14
Q

Describe biomedical model

A
  • main model
  • mental illness = brain disease
  • mental illness has a physiological cause
  • mental illness is pathological
  • mental health problems are a deviation from normal
  • no evidence of monoamine hypothesis
  • tests & imaging are not used for diagnosis
  • neuroscience is rapidly changing
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15
Q

Describe the 5 components of the therapeutic millieu

A

Component:
- basic needs

Support
- encouragement
- teach about illness & needs
- talking or listening to the pt

Structure

Involvement
- reliable & predictable
- interaction w/ environment
- unit jobs..eating in the dayroom

Validation
- person’s individuality
- given their rights as a pt
- their rights matter

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16
Q

Describe psychological model

A
  • mental health symptoms arise from internal experiences & conflicts
  • rooted in Freud’s work - psychoanalysis
  • mental disorders due to unresolved childhood issues
  • talk therapy
  • levels of awareness
  • defense mechanism
  • significance of childhood experiences
  • focuses on causes of suffering
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17
Q

Describe cultural model

A
  • mental health issues can be understood from a cultural & spiritual perspective
  • can affect core values & assumptions
  • what is considered “normal”
  • expression & experience of symptoms
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18
Q

Describe social model

A
  • mental health problems are a response to social circumstances
  • housing issues
  • discrimnation

EX: COVID/pandemic

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19
Q

Describe consumer model

A
  • reflects the experience of people who have received tx
  • rejects the idea of normal (all a continuum)
  • includes recovery model & neurodiversity concept
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20
Q

Which theoretical model is the predominant model we use

A

biomedical

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21
Q

Our 2nd brain is…

A

our gut

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22
Q

Mental illness = ?

A

brain disease

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23
Q

Someone having a brain disease means they have a ….

A

mental illness

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24
Q

Describe components of a psychiatric assessment including mental status examination

A
  • current problem
  • psychosocial assessment (who they live with, where they live, are they sleeping & eating?)
  • physical exam
  • mental status exam
25
Q

How do you perform an appropriate mental status exam?

A
  • evaluate pt’s CURRENT status
  • objective info (nonjudgemental)
  • assess communication
    -content: WHAT
26
Q

What are the 4 phases of the nurse-patient relationship

A
  • pre orientation
  • orientation
  • working
  • termination
27
Q

Explain pre orientation phase

A
  • self exploration
  • gather info
  • occurs before you meet the pt
28
Q

Explain orientation phase

A
  • develop rapport
  • developing communication
  • building trust & acceptance
29
Q

Explain the working phase

A
  • develop insight & change behavior
30
Q

Explain termination phase

A
  • evaluate progress
  • check to see how the pt feels about the relationship ending
  • review the goals (met & not met)
31
Q

Identify differences between social & therapeutic relationships

A

SOCIAL:
- friendship
- mutual needs met
- superficial
- roles shift
- little evaluation

THERAPEUTIC:
- pt growth
- pt’s needs met
- focus on pt feelings & experiences
- clear boundaries
- evaluation of relationship

32
Q

Describe clinical supervision as it is used in psychiatric nursing

A
  • educational process
  • regular meetings w/ more experienced practitioner
  • wrk w/ pts
  • increases knowledge & skills
33
Q

Describe mindfulness & how it affects the nurse-patient relationship & nursing care

A
  • when a person is mindful of their surroundings using all their senses
  • when someone learns how to restructure negative thoughts
34
Q

Provide examples of therapeutic techniques

A
  • speak briefly
  • use silence
  • avoid advice
  • pay attention to nonverbal cues
  • focus on the pt
35
Q

Define therapeutic communication

A
  • knowing purpose of message
  • saying what you mean
  • understanding pt’s meaning
36
Q

Discuss common blocks to therapeutic communication

A
  • giving advice
  • giving false reassurance
  • offering personal opinions
  • asking irrelevant personal questions
  • offering value judgements
  • excessive questioning
  • giving approval or disapproval
  • asking “why” questions
  • changing the topic
37
Q

Describe the criteria for voluntary admission to a psych facility

A
  • pt agrees to receive tx
  • signs consent for tx
  • has right to request discharge (doctor decides in the end)
38
Q

Describe the criteria for involuntary admission to a psych facility

A
  • dangerous to self or others
  • unable to meet basic needs
  • pt has right to legal counsel & to take case before a judge
39
Q

Describe the legal rights of pts in a psych facility

A
  • humane treatment & care
  • religous freedom
40
Q

Describe the components of the right to informed consent

A
  • diagnosis: what it is
  • tx: purpose of it, how does it wrk
  • consequences: of the tx, side effects
  • alternatives: other options
    prognosis: with or without tx
41
Q

Define neurotransmitters

A
  • play a role in symptoms & behavior
  • can turn on & off receptors
  • can have different effects in different parts of the brain
  • can affect other brain chemicals
42
Q

Define neurotransmission

A
  • process by which neurons communicate w/ each other through electrical impulses & chemical messengers
  • effect can be excitatory or inhibitory
43
Q

Discuss the major functions of the the brain

A
  • monitor changes in the external world
  • monitor the composition of body fluids
  • regulate contractions of skeletal muscles
  • regulates internal organs
  • store & retrieve memories
  • regulate sleep cycle
  • produce & interpret language
  • process visual & auditory data
  • regulate mood (affect) & emotions
44
Q

Discuss the major functions of the amygdala

A
  • responsible for aggressive responses
45
Q

Discuss the major functions of the pre frontal cortex

A
  • plays a role in aggressive behavior
  • executive function
  • consequences of actions
  • distinguishing from good & bad
46
Q

Functions of norepinephrine (NE)

A
  • attention
  • arousal
  • mood
  • fight or flight response
47
Q

Functions of Dopamine (DA)

A
  • muscle movement
  • motivation
  • cognition
  • emotions
  • pleasure & reward system
48
Q

Describe Serotonin (5HT)

A
  • most known
  • mood
  • sleep & arousal
  • hunger
  • pain perception
  • agression
  • sexual behavior
49
Q

Describe Gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA)

A
  • inhibition (decreased aggression, excitation & anxiety)
  • anticonvulsant
  • muscle relaxant
50
Q

Describe glutamate

A
  • learning
  • memory
  • sensory perception
51
Q

Describe acetylcholine

A
  • learning
  • memory
  • mood
  • sexual behavior
  • aggressive behavior
52
Q

Why are neuroimaging techniques used in psych

A
  • used ti visualize brain structure, functions & metabolic activity
53
Q

What are PET scans used for in psych

A
  • identify chemical & physical changes in living tissue
54
Q

What are MRIs used for in psych

A
  • provide overall images of the brain & layers of the brain
55
Q

What is SPECT used for

A
  • reveals physiological activity in the brain
56
Q

Describe empathy

A
  • connect w/ another’s experience
  • seeing it from the other person’s POV
  • don’t have to fully understand
57
Q

Describe genuiness

A
  • being authentic
  • don’t have to be perfect
  • congruence: what you portray on the outside matches what’s on the inside
58
Q

Describe positive regard/respect

A
  • attending
  • nonjudgemental
  • encouraging independence

NUR-341 (3 decks)

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