Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe aspects of mental health

A
  • coping w/ normal stressors of life
  • working productively
  • contributing to the community
  • thinking rationally
  • effective communication
  • grow emotionally
  • good self esteem
  • have resilience
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2
Q

Define the concept of resilience in mental health

A
  • ability to maintain well-being in stressful circumstances
  • awareness & acceptance of problems
  • optimism
  • good interpersonal skills
  • use of social support
  • sense of competence
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3
Q

Identify how the Diagnostic & Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM) is used to diagnose psychiatric conditions

A
  • keeps things standardized
  • gives criteria for mental disorders
  • helps w/ planning, implementing, & evaluating care (3 dimensions)
  • assessment of someone’s functioning in the day to day
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4
Q

What are the social influences of mental health care in the US

A
  • consumer movement & “recovery”
  • Decade of the Brain (1990’s)
    -Human Genome Project (1990-2003)
  • Sugeon General’s Report on Mental Illness (1999)
  • President’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (2003)
  • Institute of Medicine
  • Affordable Care Act (2010)
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5
Q

Describe goals of inpatient psychiatric hospitalization

A
  • prevention of harm to self or others
  • rapid stabilization
  • re-entry into community
  • use yourself yo develop a relationship w/ a pt
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6
Q

Describe consumer movement & “recovery”

A
  • advocated for rights & fought stigma
  • process of change through which individuals improve their health & wellness, live a self directed life & strive for full potential
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7
Q

Describe Decade of the Brain

A
  • focused on dementia
  • lots of new psych meds came out
  • made public aware of advances in neuroscience
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8
Q

Describe Human Genome Project

A
  • discovered psych disorders have genetic & environmental factors
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9
Q

Describe Surgeon’s General’s Report on Mental Illness

A
  • 1st report on mental health
  • there are effective treatments for MH
  • MH is fundamental for overall health
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10
Q

Describe President’s New Freedom Commission on Mental Health

A
  • improve access to treatment
  • big focus was on screening in high risk populations
  • focus on resilience & recovery as well
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11
Q

Describe Institute of Medicine

A
  • big focus on QUALITY healthcare
  • MH issues are treated differently than others
  • find out what’s wrong w/ out system
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12
Q

Describe Affordable Care Act

A
  • stated MH should be accessible & affordable
  • MH should be valued & covered by insurance
  • MH should not be integrated into primary care
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13
Q

Describe examples of culturally relevant care in psych nursing

A
  • effectivley wrk within a pt’s cultural context
  • adjust practice to meet pt’s unique beliefs, practices, needs & preferences
  • awareness
  • knowledge
  • skill
  • culturally desire
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14
Q

Describe biomedical model

A
  • main model
  • mental illness = brain disease
  • mental illness has a physiological cause
  • mental illness is pathological
  • mental health problems are a deviation from normal
  • no evidence of monoamine hypothesis
  • tests & imaging are not used for diagnosis
  • neuroscience is rapidly changing
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15
Q

Describe the 5 components of the therapeutic millieu

A

Component:
- basic needs

Support
- encouragement
- teach about illness & needs
- talking or listening to the pt

Structure

Involvement
- reliable & predictable
- interaction w/ environment
- unit jobs..eating in the dayroom

Validation
- person’s individuality
- given their rights as a pt
- their rights matter

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16
Q

Describe psychological model

A
  • mental health symptoms arise from internal experiences & conflicts
  • rooted in Freud’s work - psychoanalysis
  • mental disorders due to unresolved childhood issues
  • talk therapy
  • levels of awareness
  • defense mechanism
  • significance of childhood experiences
  • focuses on causes of suffering
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17
Q

Describe cultural model

A
  • mental health issues can be understood from a cultural & spiritual perspective
  • can affect core values & assumptions
  • what is considered “normal”
  • expression & experience of symptoms
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18
Q

Describe social model

A
  • mental health problems are a response to social circumstances
  • housing issues
  • discrimnation

EX: COVID/pandemic

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19
Q

Describe consumer model

A
  • reflects the experience of people who have received tx
  • rejects the idea of normal (all a continuum)
  • includes recovery model & neurodiversity concept
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20
Q

Which theoretical model is the predominant model we use

A

biomedical

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21
Q

Our 2nd brain is…

A

our gut

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22
Q

Mental illness = ?

A

brain disease

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23
Q

Someone having a brain disease means they have a ….

A

mental illness

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24
Q

Describe components of a psychiatric assessment including mental status examination

A
  • current problem
  • psychosocial assessment (who they live with, where they live, are they sleeping & eating?)
  • physical exam
  • mental status exam
25
How do you perform an appropriate mental status exam?
- evaluate pt's CURRENT status - objective info (nonjudgemental) - assess communication -content: WHAT
26
What are the 4 phases of the nurse-patient relationship
- pre orientation - orientation - working - termination
27
Explain pre orientation phase
- self exploration - gather info - occurs before you meet the pt
28
Explain orientation phase
- develop rapport - developing communication - building trust & acceptance
29
Explain the working phase
- develop insight & change behavior
30
Explain termination phase
- evaluate progress - check to see how the pt feels about the relationship ending - review the goals (met & not met)
31
Identify differences between social & therapeutic relationships
SOCIAL: - friendship - mutual needs met - superficial - roles shift - little evaluation THERAPEUTIC: - pt growth - pt's needs met - focus on pt feelings & experiences - clear boundaries - evaluation of relationship
32
Describe clinical supervision as it is used in psychiatric nursing
- educational process - regular meetings w/ more experienced practitioner - wrk w/ pts - increases knowledge & skills
33
Describe mindfulness & how it affects the nurse-patient relationship & nursing care
- when a person is mindful of their surroundings using all their senses - when someone learns how to restructure negative thoughts
34
Provide examples of therapeutic techniques
- speak briefly - use silence - avoid advice - pay attention to nonverbal cues - focus on the pt
35
Define therapeutic communication
- knowing purpose of message - saying what you mean - understanding pt's meaning
36
Discuss common blocks to therapeutic communication
- giving advice - giving false reassurance - offering personal opinions - asking irrelevant personal questions - offering value judgements - excessive questioning - giving approval or disapproval - asking "why" questions - changing the topic
37
Describe the criteria for voluntary admission to a psych facility
- pt agrees to receive tx - signs consent for tx - has right to request discharge (doctor decides in the end)
38
Describe the criteria for involuntary admission to a psych facility
- dangerous to self or others - unable to meet basic needs - pt has right to legal counsel & to take case before a judge
39
Describe the legal rights of pts in a psych facility
- humane treatment & care - religous freedom
40
Describe the components of the right to informed consent
- diagnosis: what it is - tx: purpose of it, how does it wrk - consequences: of the tx, side effects - alternatives: other options prognosis: with or without tx
41
Define neurotransmitters
- play a role in symptoms & behavior - can turn on & off receptors - can have different effects in different parts of the brain - can affect other brain chemicals
42
Define neurotransmission
- process by which neurons communicate w/ each other through electrical impulses & chemical messengers - effect can be excitatory or inhibitory
43
Discuss the major functions of the the brain
- monitor changes in the external world - monitor the composition of body fluids - regulate contractions of skeletal muscles - regulates internal organs - store & retrieve memories - regulate sleep cycle - produce & interpret language - process visual & auditory data - regulate mood (affect) & emotions
44
Discuss the major functions of the amygdala
- responsible for aggressive responses
45
Discuss the major functions of the pre frontal cortex
- plays a role in aggressive behavior - executive function - consequences of actions - distinguishing from good & bad
46
Functions of norepinephrine (NE)
- attention - arousal - mood - fight or flight response
47
Functions of Dopamine (DA)
- muscle movement - motivation - cognition - emotions - pleasure & reward system
48
Describe Serotonin (5HT)
- most known - mood - sleep & arousal - hunger - pain perception - agression - sexual behavior
49
Describe Gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA)
- inhibition (decreased aggression, excitation & anxiety) - anticonvulsant - muscle relaxant
50
Describe glutamate
- learning - memory - sensory perception
51
Describe acetylcholine
- learning - memory - mood - sexual behavior - aggressive behavior
52
Why are neuroimaging techniques used in psych
- used ti visualize brain structure, functions & metabolic activity
53
What are PET scans used for in psych
- identify chemical & physical changes in living tissue
54
What are MRIs used for in psych
- provide overall images of the brain & layers of the brain
55
What is SPECT used for
- reveals physiological activity in the brain
56
Describe empathy
- connect w/ another's experience - seeing it from the other person's POV - don't have to fully understand
57
Describe genuiness
- being authentic - don't have to be perfect - congruence: what you portray on the outside matches what's on the inside
58
Describe positive regard/respect
- attending - nonjudgemental - encouraging independence