Exam 1 Flashcards
Which organelle is produced with assistance from the nucleoli?
ribosomes
If a person needs to produce ATP faster than they can acquire oxygen through breathing, what type of cellular respiration will need to be used?
Anaerobic resp
A solution that contains a high concentration of salts relative to the cytosol of a cell is a(n) _____.
hypertonic
How many nucleotides are needed to form a codon?
3
How many cells does the human body have?
75 trillion
In _____, the sequence of bases in DNA determines the sequence of bases in mRNA. The process occurs in the _____.
transcription and nucleus
During what phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope disappear and the chromosomes condense?
prophase
Mitotic cell division produces _____ daughter cells with _____ chromosome content as the parent cell.
2 and identical
The paired chromosomes separate and migrate towards the poles of a cell during _____.
anaphase
For facilitated diffusion to occur it requires _____.
carrier proteins
The cellular structure that is composed mostly of a lipid bilayer with imbedded proteins is the _____.
plasma membrane
In mitotic division, the division of the parent cell occurs by _____ during _____.
cytokinesis, telophase
How many types of cells does the human body have?
300
Sperm is unique amongst human cells because _____.
they have a flaggelum
The _____ acts as the cell’s “post office” by sorting, processing, and packaging materials to be transported within the cell or excreted.
Golgi complex
The _____ are sites of protein synthesis within cells.
ribosomes
The genetic code of _____is formed by the sequence of nitrogenous _____in its nucleotides.
DNA and base
The numerous short hair-like projections that move things across the surface of cells are _____.
cillia
Mitosis is division of the _____. In mitotic cell division, following cytokinesis there are _____ cells.
nucleus 2
Drinking a fluid that is hypertonic, like seawater, is likely to do which?
draw fluid out of the body, making you thirstier than before.
_____ contain digestive enzymes and are used to clean up the cell, digest bacteria that have entered the cell, or break down worn-out organelles.
lyzomes
In mitotic division, replication of chromosomes occurs during _____.
interphase
Which organelle is produced with assistance from the nucleoli?
ribosomes
A nucleotide that RNA uses but DNA does not is _____.
uracil
One key difference between mitotic cell division and meiotic cell division is that mitotic cell division occurs in _____ cells while meiotic cell division only occurs in _____ cells.
somatic; sex
If you surveyed a population of cells, in which phase would most cells likely be?
interphase
If a 5% glucose solution (A) is separated from a 10% glucose solution (B) by a semipermeable membrane that is permeable to both glucose and water, glucose will diffuse from_____, and water will move via osmosis from _____.
B to A; A to B
Materials are packaged in vesicles for transport by the _____.
golgi
After being produced, _____ provides the blueprint for assembling proteins.
mRNA
The _____ is the organelle active in most of the lipid and carbohydrate synthesis within the cell.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Cellular respiration requires _____ to break down organic nutrients to release energy, which is captured in high energy _____ bonds.
oxygen and phospate
_____ cellular respiration occurs in _____ and produces most of the ATP formed by cellular respiration.
aerobic
If a blood cell is immersed in a solution that causes water to move out of the cell, the solution is a/an _____ solution.
hypertonic
Cells of _____muscle tissue have striations with multiple nuclei, and this tissue is _____in function.
cardiac; involuntary
_____are specialized in generating and transmitting nerve impulses.
Neurons
_____ contains widely spaced collagen and elastic fibers, and is the most abundant connective tissue in the body.
Areloar tissue
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissues?
A single layer of square-like cells describes which of the following tissues?
simple cubidoal epithilum
The tissue that contracts to provide force is the _____tissue.
muscle tissue
_____secrete mucus.
goblet cells
Which of the following is NOT a type of protein fibers in connective tissues?
Which of the following cell types would be found in places such as the kidneys or the secretory portions of some glands?
simple cubidoal epithilum
_____ cover(s)the body surface.
epithileal
_____forms the larynx and part of the nose, and provides protective covering on the bone surfaces forming freely movable joints.
hyaline cartilage
_____tissue(s) can be characterized as striated and voluntary.
skeletal
Which of the following cover(s) the brain and spinal cord?
meniges
_____is located in the intervertebral discs to absorb shock.
fibrocartilage
_____ is found lining the urinary bladder and is specialized to stretch and return to its original shape.
Transitional epithelium
The membranes that line the cavities of freely movable joints are referred to as _____.
synivoal membranes
The matrix of bone is formed in circular layers called _____.
lamelle
The tissue that detects changes and coordinates body functions is the _____tissue.
nervous tissue
_____is found lining many respiratory passageways and may include specialized mucus-secreting goblet cells.
Pseudostritified columnar epithelium
The connective tissue with a matrix of calcium salts and some collagen fibers is _____.
Areloar tissue
Connective tissue membranes usually consist of _____.
_____produce the ground substance and protein fibers in connective tissues.
Fibroblasts
The tissue that covers the body surface, body cavities, and organ surfaces is the _____tissue.
Epithelial tissues
Compact bone is arranged in concentric circles around _____, and smaller _____bring nutrients to osteocytes.
central canal; canculi
The connective tissue that helps insulate the body, cushions internal organs, and stores excess nutrient energy is _____tissue.
adipose tissue
The various types of epithelial tissues are classified by _____.
cell shape and the number of cell layers.
The membranes that line the tubes or cavities that have openings to the external environment are referred to as _____.
mucous membranes
_____is the main tissue in ligaments and tendons.
dense connective tissue
The tissue that binds organs together and provides protection and support for the organs is the _____tissue.
connective tissue
Dense regular connective tissue consists of tightly packed _____.
collagen fibers
_____are the fluid-filled spaces in which the osteocytes of bone reside.
lancunae
Simple _____ epithelium occurs where diffusion, osmosis, and filtration are important functions within body organs.
squamous
_____are neuronal processes.
dendrites
_____tissue(s) is(are) found in the walls of stomach and intestines; its(their) contractions are slow and involuntary.
smooth muscle
_____ is found lining the intestines and is important in the secretion and absorption of substances.
simple columnar epithelium
Glands are formed from _____.
epithelal tissue
