Exam 1

Question 1

What is a gelatin-like polysaccharide from marine algae

Answer 1

Agar

Question 2

Anaerobe

Answer 2

Organism growing without oxygen

Question 3

What sterilizes under pressure with steam

Answer 3

Autoclave

Question 4

Enzyme that detoxifies hydrogen peroxide

Answer 4

Catalase

Question 5

Enzyme that activates fibrinogen

Answer 5

Coagulase

Question 6

Acronym for super bugs and cause many hospital acquired infections

Answer 6

ESKAPE

Question 7

Product of fermination

Answer 7

Ethanol

Question 8

What is a Fomite

Answer 8

Inanimate object that may harbor microbes and aid in their transmission

Question 9

Changes color upon pH change

Answer 9

Indicator

Question 10

Organism that thrives in LOW oxygen enviornments

Answer 10

Microaerophile

Question 11

Use of heat to destroy pathogens and reduce number of spoilage microorganisms in food and bev

Answer 11

Pasteurization

Question 12

Inhibits cell well synthesis, first antibiotic discovered

Answer 12

Penicillin

Question 13

What is a cell well polysaccharide requiring nitrogen

Answer 13

Peptidoglycan

Question 14

What microorganism thrives in environments like the refrigerator and may spoil food

Answer 14

Psychrophile

Question 15

Microorganism that likes hot environments

Answer 15

Thermophiles

Question 16

What fundamental components are in ALL prokaryotes

Answer 16

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, chromosome
?ribosome, nucleoid

Question 17

One flagella

Answer 17

Monotrichous

Question 18

2 flagella one on each end

Answer 18

Amphitrichous

Question 19

Many tails on one end

Answer 19

Lophotrichous

Question 20

Flagella all over

Answer 20

Peritrichous

Question 21

Fimbriae

Answer 21

Small projections all over

Question 22

Name for round cell

Answer 22

Coccus

Question 23

Name for rod shaped cells

Answer 23

Bacillus

Question 24

Curved shaped cells

Answer 24

Vibrio

Question 25

Prefix for chain

Answer 25

Strepto-

Question 26

Prefix fr cluster

Answer 26

Staphylo-

Question 27

Tetrad

Answer 27

Group

Question 28

What is the lag phase

Answer 28

Adapting to growth conditions

Question 29

What is the Log phase

Answer 29

Exponential growth, highest growth phase

Question 30

Stationary phase

Answer 30

of new bacteria = # of dying

Question 31

Chemical requirements for cell growth

Answer 31

C H N O S P

Question 32

What chemical runs out first leading to cell growth

Answer 32

Nitrogen

Question 33

What is the terminal electron acceptor for fermentation?

Answer 33

Organic metabolite

Question 34

More susceptible to antibiotics, due to no outer cell wall

Answer 34

Gram positive

Question 35

Which type of bacteria have endotoxins and extotoxins?

Answer 35

Both have exo and only gram negative have endo

Question 36

what is the kingdom of a Eukaryotic unicellular organism

Answer 36

Protists

Question 37

Animals, fungi, plants, flagellates are A. Prokaryotic B. Archaea C. Eukaryotic

Answer 37

C. Eukaryotic

Question 38

Are prions cellular or a-cellular

Answer 38

A cellular

Question 39

Most complex to least complex infectious diseases

Answer 39

Helmins, Protozoa, fungi, prokaryotes/bacteria, virus, viroids, prions

Question 40

Pair of two cocci

Answer 40

Diplococcus

Question 41

What do antibiotics target in the bacteria cell

Answer 41

Ribosomes, 70s in prokaryotes

Question 42

What is an inclusion

Answer 42

Storage of polymerized nutrients

Question 43

What is the role of pili

Answer 43

Transfer DNA between cells

Question 44

Types of staining

Answer 44

Gram, Acid fast, Endospore, flagella, capsule

Question 45

Final electron acceptor for aerobic respiration

Answer 45

O2

Question 46

What do cells require a constant source of?

Answer 46

NAD+

Question 47

What does Citrate test for?

Answer 47

Substrate - Increased pH = green to blue

Question 48

Positive for catalase tests?

Answer 48

Enzyme =bubbling

Question 49

Positive test for coagulase

Answer 49

Enzyme = clumping

Question 50

Testing product, from green to pink

Answer 50

Indole production/ Kovac’s reagent

Question 51

H2S/Hydrogen sulfide is a product test forming what

Answer 51

Black precipitate FeS

Question 52

when testing for products of fermentation, what will you see

Answer 52

pH drop changing indicator from red to yellow, bubble formation showing CO2 presents

Question 53

When fermentation occurs during testing wen is gas preset and not present

Answer 53

Lactic acid = no gas Ethanol = gas (CO2)

Question 54

what are the physical requirements of microbial growth

Answer 54

Temperature, pH and osmolarity

Question 55

Mesophiles

Answer 55

Pathogens/human

Question 56

Psychrophiles

Answer 56

Multiply in cooler temps like refrigerator

Question 57

Thermophiles and hyperthermophiles

Answer 57

Hot springs/ compost Deep seas

Question 58

Best long term storing of microorganisms

Answer 58

Lyophilization/freeze drying

Question 59

Direct method of measuring microbial reproduction

Answer 59

Serial dilution and viable plate counts Membrane filtration Microscopic counts

Question 60

Indirect ways to measure microbial growth

Answer 60

Dry weight Turbidity/light absorbency

Question 61

Inanimate object that may harbor microbes

Answer 61

Fomite

Question 62

Removal of some not all pathogens from Fomites.

Answer 62

Disinfecion

Question 63

Removing of some but not all pathogens from living tissue

Answer 63

Antisepsis

Question 64

Removing pathogens to meet public health standards

Answer 64

Sanitization

Question 65

Destruction of all microorganisms and viruses

Answer 65

Sterilization

Question 66

When controlling microbial growth what are the targets of anti microbial methods

Answer 66

Cell wall Cell membrane Proteins Nucleic acids

Question 67

Physical methods of microbial control

Answer 67

Temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, filtration, radiation

Question 68

Moist heat is used in… And what variable are they dependent on

Answer 68

Boiling-altitude Autoclave- atm pressure Pasteurization- balance of temp and time

Question 69

What is the ultimate means of sterilization

Answer 69

Dry heat/incineration

Question 70

Radiation controls microbial growth by doing what? And what are the forms

Answer 70

Damaging DNA -Ionization **used to sterilize when cannot be used in autoclave -UV

Question 71

Types of filtration

Answer 71

Air Membrane

Question 72

What is the method used to test effectiveness of antiseptics and disinfectants

Answer 72

Disk Diffusion Method

Question 73

What is penicillin made from

Answer 73

Mold - Penicillium notatum

Question 74

What are the types of anti microbial drugs

Answer 74

Natural synthetic Semisynthetic

Question 75

Are antimicrobil drugs typically specific to one group of microorganism or many?

Answer 75

One Ex; Antibiotics-bacteria Antiviral-virus anti fungal-fungi etc

Question 76

Mechanisms of drug resistance

Answer 76

Inactivation of enzymes Blocked penetration Target modification Efflux pump (pumps out)

Question 77

What does MRD’s stand for

Answer 77

Multi drug resistant microbes (Super bugs)

Question 78

Cross resistance

Answer 78

One resistant mechanism resists agains various drugs