Exam 1

Question 0

Identify the 4 Primary Components of American Corrections

Answer 0

Jail
Probation
Parole
Prison

Question 1

DEFINE CORRECTIONS

Answer 1

Any set of agencies created to CONTROL the behavior of PEOPE ACCUSED or CONVICTED OF A CRIME. Probation Prison Jail and Parole

Question 2

Identify the main Institutions of Social Control

Answer 2

Family
Peers
Employers
Marriage
Religion
Military

Question 3

Define Social Control

Answer 3

Social control is ANY set of methods DESIGNED to ENCOURAGE OR FORCE people to OBEY NORMS.

Question 4

Identify the primary institution and the institution of last resort

Answer 4

Primary: Family
Last: CJS

Question 5

Describe positivism in detail.

Answer 5

Positive school focuses in the offender. Examines and understands offenders social behavior. Offenders must be treated and rehabilitated.

Question 6

Describe the findings of MEMPHA V RHEY

Answer 6

1967 gave probationers the right to counsel.

Question 7

Mempa v RHEY: 3 new rules allowed.

Answer 7

1. Marshaling facts: lawyer gathers facts and info
2. Intro. Evidence if mitigating circumstances: make situation less serious with evidence
3. Assisting in presenting probationers case: lawyer speaks. You shut up.

Question 8

Morissey v Brewer case:

Answer 8

1972: Because of loss of liberty is a potential outcome of violation proceedings , probationers are allowed to certain due process rights.

Question 9

Morrissey v brewer: 2 new rules!

Answer 9

1- preliminary hearing: probably cause: good enough reason to have a second hearing
2- Revocation hearing: final hearing

Question 10

Gagnon v scarpelli:

Answer 10

1973- due process expanded. Still at loss of liberty.

Question 11

Gagnon v scarpelli: 4 new rules!

Answer 11

1- written notice f alleged violations, right to have this in writing to prepare your offense
2-preliminary hearing- probable cause
3- revocation hearing
4- allowed to confront witnesses: cross examination

Question 12

Identify and describe three examples of standard conditions:

Answer 12

Everyone must check in
Can't commit a crime
Can't associate with other criminals
Must have an address
Po allowed to search everything u have access to

Question 13

Describe the definition : special conditions

Answer 13

UNIQUELY tailored to the individual

Question 14

Identify and describe 3 examples of special conditions:

Answer 14

Curfew
Drug testing
No alcohol 
Sex offenders can't be near a radius
Attend special programs
Community service

Question 15

Did probation start in the Middle Ages?

Answer 15

NO

Question 16

Who was unhappy about harsh punishments in the Middle Ages?

Answer 16

Progressives

Question 17

Four alternatives for punishment in the Middle Ages:

Answer 17

1. Royal pardons paid: a fine
2. Benefit of clergy: ask for forgiveness
3. Judges suspend punishment die to good behavior
4. Watch yourself, on your own

Question 18

John Augustus known as?

Answer 18

The father of modern probation

Question 19

Who was John Augustus?

Answer 19

Wealthy business man

Member of Washington total abstinence society

Question 20

What did John Augustus do?

Answer 20

1841: bailed a drunk, cleaned him up, have him a job, returns to court w offender and improvement was made

Question 21

When and where was probation adopted?

Answer 21

1878: Massachusetts , first created for juveniles

Question 22

Identify the three theories of probation:

Answer 22

Conditional privilege
Contract theory
Custody theory

Question 23

Describe Conditional privilege:

Answer 23

Probation is an act of mercy by the judge but can be taken away

Question 24

Describe contract theory

Answer 24

Probationer agrees to certain terms IN EXCHANGE for conditional liberty

Question 25

Describe custody theory

Answer 25

Probationers are in legal custody. Not totally free. ABRIDGES AND DIMINISHED CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS

Question 26

Identify and describe the 4 plus 1 basic purposes of a PSI report:

Answer 26

1. Helps judge decide the most appropriate disposition: probation or incarceration
2. If you get probation, PO identifies your problems in their life
3. Jail staff determines ur treatment needs
4. pOs decide if parole is appropriate for you .
   +1. Determines financial consion of defendant. Ability to pay probation fees

Question 27

Identify the TWO main sources of info. Used in a PSI

Answer 27

1: people- interviews
2: documents: review records

Question 28

Identify Interviews in PSI reports. What information can we obtain ?

Answer 28

Most information obtained from an interview:
Asks questions for defendant.
Must ask well to get accurate info.

Question 29

Describe Documents in a psi report. Why use documents?

Answer 29

To CONFIRM AND CLARIFY information obtained in interviews. Clear up discrepancies.
Previous RAP SHEETS.
There might be a previous PSI in records.

Question 30

What is a rap sheet?

Answer 30

Criminal history, previous arrests, charges, basic info, court details.

Question 31

Sources of info for PSI reports

Answer 31

Rap sheet
Psi records
Corrections records
Educational records : transcript etc.
Treatment program records
Medical records

Question 32

Who is the main group considered appropriate for probation?

Answer 32

Drug offenders

Question 33

Describe in detail why drug offenders is considered an appropriate target for probation

Answer 33

Drug abuse is a complex issue that requires comprehensive solution.
The justice system Most important gateway to treatment delivery.
Cost is beneficial.
Greater length of time in treatment, greater reduction in crime

Question 34

What are the 5 characteristics of COGNITIVE IMPAIRED PEOPLE:

Answer 34

1. Impulsive
2. Powerlessness
3. Conceptual rigidity
4. Low critical reasoning ability
5. Advice, warnings and punishment has little effect

Question 35

Describe what a cognitive strategy consists of: EASY METHOD.

Answer 35

Stop and think
Think of consequences
Analyze ways of responding
Consider impact behaviors on others