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Anatomy and physiology II > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

ACTH

A

secretion is regulated by a hypothalamic secretion

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2
Q

ADH

A

is inhibited by alcohol

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3
Q

Aldosterone

A

functions to increase sodium reabsorption

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4
Q

Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids and that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called

A

hormones

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5
Q

Gonadocorticoid(s)

A

production of the adrenal gland is insignificant compared with sex hormone release from the gonads during late puberty

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6
Q

Hormones often cause a cell to elicit multiple responses, this is because

A

during protein kinase activation, enzymes phosphorylate many other enzymes

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7
Q

How do glucocorticoids enable the body to deal appropriately with stress?

A

by increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure

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8
Q

In circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone, the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the target organ. This is known as

A

Up-regulation

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9
Q

Leptin is a protein hormone secreted by which tissue cell

A

adipocytes

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10
Q

Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone a glucocorticoid is to

A

cortisol

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11
Q

humoral stimulation

A

brings about changes in iron or nutrient levels in the blood.

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12
Q

oxytocin

A

release is an example of the positive feedback control mechanism

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13
Q

Where is the hypophyseal portal system located

A

around the pituitary

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14
Q

Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. the mechanism from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the

A

hypophyseal portal system

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15
Q

down regulation

A

is the process by which a ell decreases the quantity of cellular component

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16
Q

steroid hormone exert their action by

A

entering the nucleus of a cell

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17
Q

the ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on

A

the presence of the appropriate receptors

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18
Q

the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract

A

is partly contained within the infundibulum

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19
Q

the major targets of growth hormone are

A

bones and skeletal muscles

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20
Q

T/F ACTH stimulates the adrenal medulla to release corticosteroid hormones

A

False

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21
Q

T/F Hypothyroidism is the result of over production of the thyroid hormones

A

False

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22
Q

T/F, aldosterone is important in the regulation and concentration of sodium and potassium ions in urine and sweat

A

True

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23
Q

T/F All adenohypophyseal hormones, except GH, affect their target cells through a cyclic AMP second messenger

A

True

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24
Q

T/F All the following hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary. ACTH, PSH, and LH

A

True

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25
Q

T/F All peptide hormones synthesis requires gene activation that produces mRNA

A

True

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26
Q

T/F Glucagon is a small polypeptide and it isn’t very effective in its regulatory effects

A

False

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27
Q

T/F Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that controls blood pressure. It is produced in the heart

A

True

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28
Q

T/F Direct gene activation involves a second messenger system

A

False

29
Q

T/F follicle cells of the thyroid gland produce thyrogobulin, while follicle cells of the parathyroid produce calcitonin

A

False

30
Q

T/F Glucocorticicoids are steroid hormones that usually enhance the immune responses when an individual is suffering from severe stress

A

False

31
Q

T/F Growth hormone always exerts its influence by targeting other endocrine glands to produce hormones

A

False

32
Q

T/F Iodine is an essential required for the synthesis of thyroxine

A

true

33
Q

T/F LH also referred to as a gonadotropin

A

true

34
Q

T/F oxytocin is a strong stimulant of uterine contractions

A

true

35
Q

T/F The hormones that regulate the blood calcium levels are calcitonin and parathyroid hormones

A

true

36
Q

T/F the delta cells are the pancreatic islet that produce insulin

A

false

37
Q

T/F the hormone that raises blood sugar levels is insulin

A

false

38
Q

T/F the prime metabolic effect of cortisol is gluconeogenisis

A

true

39
Q

T/F the thyroid gland is a large gland that controls metabolic functions throughout the life of an individual

A

true

40
Q

A lack of intrinsic factor

A

pernicious anemia

41
Q

An individual who is a blood type AB negative can

A

receive any blood type expect the RH+ antigen

42
Q

As red blood cells age

A

membranes “wear out”

43
Q

No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in

A

monocytes

44
Q

platelets

A

stick to the damaged areas of a blood vessel

45
Q

Select the correct statement regarding blood cell formation

A

red marrow is the main site

46
Q

the most abundant plasma protein is

A

albumin

47
Q

pH range of blood

A

7.35-7.45

48
Q

what organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production

A

kidney

49
Q

a hemoglobin molecule consists of ___ chains of polypeptides

A

four

50
Q

a person w type o has __antigens and __antibodies

A

no, A and B

51
Q

an average adult male has __liters of blood

A

5-6L

52
Q

blood ____

A

all choices are correct

53
Q

erthropoletin is secreted in response to

A

low oxygen levels in kidney tissues

54
Q

formed elements include

A

all choices are correct

55
Q

mother is Rh- and the fetus is

A

postive

56
Q

white blood cells is about ___ per microliter

A

6,000 to 9,000

57
Q

lymphocytes account for ___percent

A

20-30

58
Q

monocytes become

A

macrophages

59
Q

ciruculationing erythrocytes is true

A

no nucleus

60
Q

adjacent cells in a blood vessel wall is called

A

diapedesis

61
Q

T/F first step in hemostasis is vascular spasm

A

true

62
Q

T/F hemocytoblasts are the mother cell

A

true

63
Q

cytokines

A

true

64
Q

chemicals called clotting factors

A

true

65
Q

fibrinoclysis

A

false

66
Q

a thrombus

A

true

67
Q

when a thrombus

A

true

68
Q

aspirin

A

true

Anatomy and physiology II (2 decks)

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