Exam 1 Flashcards
ACTH
secretion is regulated by a hypothalamic secretion
ADH
is inhibited by alcohol
Aldosterone
functions to increase sodium reabsorption
Chemical substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids and that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called
hormones
Gonadocorticoid(s)
production of the adrenal gland is insignificant compared with sex hormone release from the gonads during late puberty
Hormones often cause a cell to elicit multiple responses, this is because
during protein kinase activation, enzymes phosphorylate many other enzymes
How do glucocorticoids enable the body to deal appropriately with stress?
by increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels and enhancing blood pressure
In circumstances where the body requires prolonged or increased levels of a hormone, the DNA of target cells will specify the synthesis of more receptors on the surface of the target organ. This is known as
Up-regulation
Leptin is a protein hormone secreted by which tissue cell
adipocytes
Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone a glucocorticoid is to
cortisol
humoral stimulation
brings about changes in iron or nutrient levels in the blood.
oxytocin
release is an example of the positive feedback control mechanism
Where is the hypophyseal portal system located
around the pituitary
Several hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. the mechanism from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary gland is through the
hypophyseal portal system
down regulation
is the process by which a ell decreases the quantity of cellular component
steroid hormone exert their action by
entering the nucleus of a cell
the ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on
the presence of the appropriate receptors
the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract
is partly contained within the infundibulum
the major targets of growth hormone are
bones and skeletal muscles
T/F ACTH stimulates the adrenal medulla to release corticosteroid hormones
False
T/F Hypothyroidism is the result of over production of the thyroid hormones
False
T/F, aldosterone is important in the regulation and concentration of sodium and potassium ions in urine and sweat
True
T/F All adenohypophyseal hormones, except GH, affect their target cells through a cyclic AMP second messenger
True
T/F All the following hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary. ACTH, PSH, and LH
True
T/F All peptide hormones synthesis requires gene activation that produces mRNA
True
T/F Glucagon is a small polypeptide and it isn’t very effective in its regulatory effects
False
T/F Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that controls blood pressure. It is produced in the heart
True
T/F Direct gene activation involves a second messenger system
False
T/F follicle cells of the thyroid gland produce thyrogobulin, while follicle cells of the parathyroid produce calcitonin
False
T/F Glucocorticicoids are steroid hormones that usually enhance the immune responses when an individual is suffering from severe stress
False
T/F Growth hormone always exerts its influence by targeting other endocrine glands to produce hormones
False
T/F Iodine is an essential required for the synthesis of thyroxine
true
T/F LH also referred to as a gonadotropin
true
T/F oxytocin is a strong stimulant of uterine contractions
true
T/F The hormones that regulate the blood calcium levels are calcitonin and parathyroid hormones
true
T/F the delta cells are the pancreatic islet that produce insulin
false
T/F the hormone that raises blood sugar levels is insulin
false
T/F the prime metabolic effect of cortisol is gluconeogenisis
true
T/F the thyroid gland is a large gland that controls metabolic functions throughout the life of an individual
true
A lack of intrinsic factor
pernicious anemia
An individual who is a blood type AB negative can
receive any blood type expect the RH+ antigen
As red blood cells age
membranes “wear out”
No visible cytoplasmic granules are present in
monocytes
platelets
stick to the damaged areas of a blood vessel
Select the correct statement regarding blood cell formation
red marrow is the main site
the most abundant plasma protein is
albumin
pH range of blood
7.35-7.45
what organ in the body regulates erythrocyte production
kidney
a hemoglobin molecule consists of ___ chains of polypeptides
four
a person w type o has __antigens and __antibodies
no, A and B
an average adult male has __liters of blood
5-6L
blood ____
all choices are correct
erthropoletin is secreted in response to
low oxygen levels in kidney tissues
formed elements include
all choices are correct
mother is Rh- and the fetus is
postive
white blood cells is about ___ per microliter
6,000 to 9,000
lymphocytes account for ___percent
20-30
monocytes become
macrophages
ciruculationing erythrocytes is true
no nucleus
adjacent cells in a blood vessel wall is called
diapedesis
T/F first step in hemostasis is vascular spasm
true
T/F hemocytoblasts are the mother cell
true
cytokines
true
chemicals called clotting factors
true
fibrinoclysis
false
a thrombus
true
when a thrombus
true
aspirin
true
