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Bio 101 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

2
Q

The sequence of amino acids are

A

2+: dipeptide3+: polypeptide

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3
Q

Nucleotide functions are to:

A

-energy carriers (ATP)-co enzymes (NAD+)-chemical messengers (cAMP)-building blocks for nucleic acids

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4
Q

Carbs are broken into 3 forms:

A

-Monosaccharides (simple sugars)-Oligosaccharides (short-chain carbs) -Polysaccharides (complex carbs)

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5
Q

Methyl Group

A

-CH3

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6
Q

Hydroxyl Group

A

-OH

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7
Q

Amino Group

A

-NH(3)+

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8
Q

Carboxyl Group

A

-COOH

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9
Q

Phosphate Group

A

-PO(3)-

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10
Q

Sulfhydryl Group

A

-SH

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11
Q

Plants store their excess carbs in the form of:

A

Starch

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12
Q

The three most common atoms in your body are

A

Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Carbon

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13
Q

________ is the polysaccharide structural component found in the cell walls of many fungi.

A

Chitin

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14
Q

Animals store their excess carbs in the form of:

A

Glycogen

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15
Q

Nucleotides are the building blocks for:

A

Nucleic acids

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16
Q

Amino acides are the building blocks for:

A

Proteins

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17
Q

_______ is the polysaccharide structural component found in the cell walls of plants.

A

Cellulose

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18
Q

The nucleotide most closely associated with energy is:

A

ATP

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19
Q

The disruption of a proteins three-dimensional shape is called:

A

Denaturation

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20
Q

Organ system

A

Two or more organs interacting

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21
Q

A organ…

A

Unit made of two or more tissues interacting

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22
Q

A tissue….

A

Organized arrangement of cells

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23
Q

A population….

A

Group of individuals of the SAME species

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24
Q

An organism…

A

*individual made of different types of cells *May also be composed of a single cell

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25
Q

A biosphere….

A

All regions of Earth’s water, crust, and atmosphere

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26
Q

An ecosystem….

A

Community interacting with its physical environment

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27
Q

A mutation is a change in:

A

Hereditary instructions (i.e. DNA)

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28
Q

What is the largest organization unit of life?

A

Biosphere

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29
Q

A community….

A

Includes all populations of all species in an area

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30
Q

What are the 3 recognized domains?

A
  1. Archaea2. Bacteria 3. Eukaryota (Eukaryotes)
31
Q

Prokaryotes can have both mitochondria and chloroplast.

A

False

32
Q

Homeostasis provides what kind of environment?

A

Constant

33
Q

Which of the following organisms is NOT a prokaryote?

A

Human

34
Q

Which is the smallest unit of life that can exist as a separate entity?

A

A cell

35
Q

______ can be defined as the cells capacity to obtain and utilize energy

A

Metabolism

36
Q

The flow of energy between producers and consumers is:

A

Unidirectional

37
Q

Hydrophobic molecules are ____ water.

A

Repelled by

38
Q

The positive subatomic particle is the:

A

Proton

39
Q

Electrons are shared in bonds called

A

Covalent

40
Q

The negative subatomic particle is the:

A

Electrons

41
Q

Which is the smallest portion of a substance that retains the properties of an element?

A

Atom

42
Q

The bonds in table salt (NaCl) is:

A

Ionic

43
Q

Eukaryotic organisms

A

Plants Animals ProtistsFungi

44
Q

Nucleus….

A

Controls access to DNA; permits easier packing if DNA during cell division.

45
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum….

A

Modifies protein; involved in lipid synthesis.

46
Q

Golgi Body….

A

Modify, sort, and ship proteins; lipid secretion and use.

47
Q

Vesicles….

A

Transport, store, and digest materials.

48
Q

Mitochondria…

A

Powerhouse of cell; ATP formation.

49
Q

Ribosomes….

A

Can be free or attached to membranes; formation on polypeptide chains.

50
Q

Cytoskeleton…

A

Determines cell shape and internal organization; motility.

51
Q

Animal Cell Features:

A

Plasma membrane NucleusRibosomesERGolgi bodyVesiclesMitochondria Cytoskeleton

52
Q

Plant Cell Features

A

Plasma membraneNucleusRibosomesERGolgi bodyVesiclesMitochondria Cytoskeleton Cell wallCentral vacuoleChloroplast

53
Q

Components of nucleus

A

Nuclear envelopeNucleoplasm NucleolusChromatin

54
Q

Components of Endomembrane System

A

Endoplasmic reticulumGolgi bodiesVesicles

55
Q

Rough ER

A

Stacked, flattened sacs w/ many ribosomes attached; oligosaccharides groups attached

56
Q

Smooth ER

A

No ribosomes; area from which vesicles carrying proteins and lipids are budded; inactivation site for harmful chemicals

57
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Contains enzymes that use oxygen to degrade fatty acids and amino acids. By product is hydrogen peroxide, enzyme action break it down to water and oxygen.

58
Q

Lysosomes

A

Carry powerful enzymes that digest the contents of other vesicles (carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids). Digest well worn cell parts, bacteria, foreign particles.

59
Q

Tight junctions

A

Occur between cells of epithelial tissues. Deal spaces between cells.

60
Q

Adhering junctions

A

Join cell that need to be held together during stretching (skin an heart). Spot welds.

61
Q

Gap junctions

A

Small, open channels that directly link the cytoplasm of adjacent cells.

62
Q

Prokaryotic Cells

A

Archaea and EubacteriaDNA is not enclosed in nucleusGenerally the smallest, simplest cellsNo organelles

63
Q

Which of the following organelles is correctly matched with its function

A

ER: modify proteins

64
Q

Which of the following are sometimes rendered to as rough or smooth depending on the structure?

A

ER

65
Q

The main components of the plasma membrane is/are:

A

Phospholipids

66
Q

Which of the following are the primary cellular sites for the recapture of energy from carbs?

A

Mitochondria

67
Q

If a cell did not have ribosomes it would be unable to:

A

Form proteins

68
Q

Fluid-filled sacs that may store food, ions, or water in plant cells are called:

A

Central vacuoles

69
Q

Which of the following are the primary cellular sites for the capture of light (photon) energy?

A

Chloroplast

70
Q

Which of the following organelles is correctly matched with its function?

A

Golgi bodies: modify lipids & protein

71
Q

Prokaryotic cells possess cell membranes.

A

True

Bio 101 (2 decks)

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