exam 1

Question 1

Agency

Answer 1

What I as an individual can accomplish

Question 2

Structure

Answer 2

Patterned systems in our social
world that impact the choices
available to individuals

Question 3

Status

Answer 3

a recognizable social position that an individual occupies

Question 4

Master status

Answer 4

one status within a set that stands out or overrides all others

Question 5

Role

Answer 5

the behaviors and duties of someone who holds a particular status

Question 6

Role strain

Answer 6

the incompatibility among roles corresponding to a single status.

Question 7

The presentation of self

Answer 7

How you communicate what/who you
are to others (erving goffman) (controlling how people see us so they see us in a positive way) (adapt who we are with who we are talking to “teachers vs friends) (no true self and everyone is moralless)

Question 8

Symbolic interactionism

Answer 8

Interactions with others using words, physical objects, and
behaviors that have shared or collective symbolic meanings
○Example: Doctor and stethoscope
●Ongoing and interpretive process
●Miley Cyrus toolkit

Question 9

Social construction of reality

Answer 9

Process whereby people continuously create, through their actions and interactions, a shared reality that is experienced as objectively
factual and subjectively meaningful.

Systems of Exchange
Status = power
because
Status can be a form of capital

(human interactions with the world and with each other are mediated to an extent found nowhere else in nature.)

Question 10

Gender verses sex

Answer 10

gender is social position or status defined by the set of social arrangements that are built around normative sex categories and sex is perceived biological difference

Question 11

Socialization

Answer 11

the process by which individuals internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of a given society and learn to function as members of that society.

Question 12

Hegemonic masculinity

Answer 12

social construct of ideal man, but one that emphasizes dominance and privilege of men over women

Question 13

Conflict theory

Answer 13

Example: women married to men spend xx hours on household responsibilities;
men married to women spend xx hours on similar duties

Question 14

Structural functionalism

Answer 14

a theory in which society’s many parts—institutions, norms, traditions, and so on—mesh to produce a stable, working whole that evolved over time. Best embodied by Talcott Parsons. (emille Durkheim) essentially views every erson in society have a job or role and everyone in society works together whether they know it or not. society (looking at society as a whole

Question 15

Stratification

Answer 15

social “layers” based on categories with more or less access to resources
(Historically, the most common form occurs based) on GENDER

Question 16

Socioeconomic status

Answer 16

an individual’s position in a stratified social order.

Question 17

Class

Question 18

Social Mobility

Answer 18

the movement between different positions within a system of social stratification in any given society.

Question 19

Meritocracy

Answer 19

a society where status and mobility are based on individual attributes, ability, and achievement.

Question 20

Equality of opportunity, condition, and outcome

Answer 20

Equality of outcomes: concerned with rewards
Equality of opportunity: concerned about equality in
chance to achieve (fairness of the rules)
Equality of conditions: concerned about equity in chance to achieve (leveling the playing field)

Question 21

Equality of opportunity

Answer 21

concerned about equality in
chance to achieve (fairness of the rules)

Question 22

Equality of condition

Answer 22

concerned about equity in chance to achieve (leveling the playing field)

Question 23

Equality of outcome

Answer 23

concerned with rewards

Question 24

Reproduction of disadvantage

Answer 24

Structurally - variation in school quality by neighborhood or the decline of manufacturing
Politically - changes in tax policy or deunionization
Culturally - boundary-making

Question 25

Symbolic

Answer 25

qualifications, honours, and reputation

Question 26

Social

Answer 26

Family, networks, and relationships

Question 27

Cultural

Answer 27

knowledge, taste, and cultural dispositions

Question 28

economic

Answer 28

financial and other tangible assets

Question 29

Different forms of capital

Answer 29

Economic, Education, Cultural, Political, Relational, Social, Symbolic

Question 30

Status symbols

Answer 30

Handbags, Jewelry, Haircuts, Clothing, Demeanor, Accent, Language

Question 31

Race

Answer 31

a group of people who share a set of characteristics–typically but not always, physical ones–and are said to share a common bloodline

Question 32

Radicalization

Answer 32

the formation of a new racial identity by drawing ideological boundaries of difference around a group of people

Question 33

Color-blind racism

Answer 33

the idea that race doesn’t matter any longer allows for the perpetuation of racism and racial inequality. Reinforces historical and contemporary inequities and institutional bias by ignoring them

Question 34

Institutional racism

Answer 34

policies and practices that appear race-neutral but in reality, disadvantage minority groups

Question 35

Wright Mills had a negative view of the elite-mass dichotomy. His view fits with the _______________ theoretical perspective.

Answer 35

conflict theory

Question 36

The game of monopoly exemplifies equality of…

Answer 36

opportunity

Question 37

Gender is a social institution because it is:

Answer 37

a major social structure organizing our day-to-day experiences

Question 38

While the notion of sex refers to biological characteristics, the concept of gender refers to___________ characteristics.

Answer 38

social

Question 39

Goffman’s theory of the presentation of self can also be called…

Answer 39

dramaturgical theory

Question 40

What is the Sociological Imagination?

Answer 40

Understanding our personal lives within the context of the broader political historical moment.

Question 41

class income

Answer 41

Upper Class - More than $145,500
Middle Class - $48,500 to $145,500
Lower Class - Less than $48,500