Exam 1

Question 0

What is immunogenicity?

What are the four most immunogenic blood group antigens and their immunogenicity?

Answer 0

Ability of an antigen to elicit an immune response.

D 50%
K 5%
c 2.05%
E 1.69%

Question 1

Frequency of ABO types

Answer 1

O 45%
A 40%
B 11%
AB 4%

Question 2

What is a high frequency antigen?

And an example.

Answer 2

Antigen present in 98-99% of the population

Kpb and Jsb

Question 3

What is a low frequency antigen?

and an example.

Answer 3

Antigen present in less than 10% of a random population.

Kpa and Jsa

Question 4

What antibodies are known to cause hemolysis at 37 degrees?

Answer 4

ABO
Lewis
Vel
some P1

Question 5

What antigens are enhanced and destroyed by proteolytic enzymes?

Answer 5

Enhanced: Kidd Lewis Rh

Destroyed: M N S Duffy (Fys)

Question 6

What are proteolytic enzymes?

List examples

Answer 6

Enhancement media consisting of enzymes that either enhance or destroy certain antigens.

Ficin
Bromelin
Trypsin
Papain

Question 7

What causes decreased antibody strength?

Answer 7

Leukemia
Hypogammaglobulinemia (low level)
Elderly
Newborns

Question 8

Anti-H lectin

Answer 8

Ulex europaeus

Question 9

Immunodominant sugar for H gene

Answer 9

L-fucose

Question 10

Immunodominant sugar for A antigen

Answer 10

N-acetyl-D-galactosomine

Question 11

What is the immunodominant sugar for the B antigen?

Answer 11

D-galactose

Question 12

Anti-A1 lectin

Answer 12

Dolichos biflorus

Question 13

In paternity, what is direct exclusion?

Answer 13

Genetic marker present in child but absent in mother and alleged father

Question 14

In paternity, what is indirect exclusion

Answer 14

Child lacks a genetic marker that the alleged father must transmit to offspring