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Clinical Practicum > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

According to Berger, “We need to systemic and rigorous at the same time that we are _____ and _____.”

A

Intrusive & empathetic

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2
Q

Observation is not just “looking”. True or false

A

True

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3
Q

Observation is only looking. True or false

A

False

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4
Q

Clinical observation is more than jotting down notes or transcribing behavior. True or false

A

True

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5
Q

Clinical observation is…

A
  1. The process that brings together personal beliefs, academic knowledge, and clinical experience with a context that includes the perspectives, values, and needs of clients and patients and their families.
  2. Relies on the development of well-honed skills and must be practiced again and again.
  3. Must be grounded in sound philosophy supporting clinical practice.
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6
Q

Inductive reasoning involves bringing together all of the parts to make up a whole or to explain a conclusion. True or false

A

True

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7
Q

Inductive reasoning is known as “_______” while deductive reasoning is known as “________”

A

Bottom-up thinking; Top-down reasoning

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8
Q

Inductive reasoning process involves

A

Observations, pattern, hypothesis, test hypothesis based on theory

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9
Q

During inductive reasoning, one must

A

Identify the signs or symptoms, collect data on component of communication, compare the information to what is understood to be the norm for a particular culture

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10
Q

Deductive reasoning involves applying theoretical knowledge to hypothesis testing, often using a set of rules or laws (or deductions) to arrive at a conclusion. True or false

A

True

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11
Q

Deductive reasoning process includes

A

Theory, hypothesis, observation, confirmation

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12
Q

Developing a hypothesis

A

Uses the processes allows the practitioner to develop multiple hypotheses to integrate scientific knowledge and clinical experience

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13
Q

Intuition is known as ____

A

“Gut feeling”

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14
Q

Intuition is not the same as clinical judgment. True or false

A

True

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15
Q

Intuition is the same as clinical judgment. True or false

A

False

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16
Q

Clinical judgement is

A
  1. Dependent on the development of expertise
  2. Component of evidence-based practice
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17
Q

CSD condones the use of intuition in clinical work. True or false

A

False

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18
Q

Your skill at observation is likely to be the most important tool in you clinical repertoire

A
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19
Q

In what year did Charcot speak about observation as essential to the development of clinical competence in the physician.

A

1889

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20
Q

A look at the the history of observation in medicine reveals pedagogical and practical support for providing direct, guided training in observation skills. True or false

A

True

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21
Q

How many levels of Bergers Levels of Observation (1980) are there?

A

4 levels

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22
Q

What is level 1 of Bergers Levels of Observation (1980)

A

Level 1: clinical material of history, physical, and laboratory results

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23
Q

What is level 2 of Bergers Levels of Observation (1980)

A

Level 2: description of personal characteristics of appearance and behavior

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24
Q

What is level 3 of Bergers Levels of Observation (1980)

A

Level 3: Description of interactions

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25
Q

What is level 4 of Bergers Levels of Observation (1980)

A

Level 4: Insight into the clinician’s own feelings and behaviors

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26
Q

Boudreau described observation as having both “_____” and “___”

A

Sensory perceptive & cognitive aspects

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27
Q

Observation has a sensory perspective and cognitive component. True or false

A

True

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28
Q

Observation is distinct from inference. True or false

A

True

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29
Q

Observation is not made concrete through description. True or false

A

False

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30
Q

Observation does not occur on different levels. True or false

A

False

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31
Q

Observation is goal oriented. True or false

A

True

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32
Q

Observation does not occur over time. True or false

A

False

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33
Q

Observation is subject to powerful cultural determinants. True or false

A

True

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34
Q

Observation carries ethical obligations. Ted or false

A

True

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35
Q

Ethics involves

A
  1. How we record
  2. Interpret
  3. Use observations
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36
Q

Ethics involves how one conducts oneself on site. True or false

A

True

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37
Q

Ethics involves the manner in which observations are recorded and discussed. True or false

A

True

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38
Q

Ethics involves the attitude and actions with which one regards clients and patients. True or false

A

True

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39
Q

A clinician is bound by ASHA’s Code of Ethics and

A

ultimately responsible for the care of those you observe

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40
Q

Emerick and Hatten outline five components central to organizing clinical observation, which are

A
  1. Focus
  2. Depth
  3. Description
  4. Interpretation
  5. Implications
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41
Q

The master clinician has knowledge, expertise,and experience to inspire confidence; at the same time they expect their healthcare provider to recognize them as fellow human beings. True or false

A

True

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42
Q

Clinical observation is both an art and science. True or false

A

True

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43
Q

During clinical observation its important to consider both objective and subjective points of view. True or false

A

True

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44
Q

During clinical observation, we must not reflect on our own strengths and weaknesses. True or false

A

False

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45
Q

During clinical observation, we must tolerate ambiguity. True or false

A

True

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46
Q

During clinical observation, we must use visual thinking strategies. True or false

A

True

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47
Q

During clinical observation, we must work collaboratively to build mutual meaning and understanding. True or false

A

True

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48
Q

Ethics involve how we record, interpret, and _____ observations

A

Use

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49
Q

Which field was first to notice of the importance of clinical observation?

A

Medical field

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50
Q

Listening without interruption is an example of practicing empathy. True or false

A

True

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51
Q

Play skills can affect language development, cognition, and ________

A

Pragmatics

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52
Q

Revealing and proactive clothing is an example of professional dress. True or false

A

False

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53
Q

When it comes to material in the environment, two important aspects include the type and ______

A

Placement

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54
Q

Personal brand is more important than communication with clients. True or false

A

False

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55
Q

Three things to be aware of when it comes to setting are type, size and decor. True or false

A

True

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56
Q

The clinician is an essential element of the therapeutic process because it is the human relationship with clients through which the work of therapy is done. True or false

A

True

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57
Q

The clinician was empathetic because she made it a point to make sure her patient was heard and understood. True or false

A

True

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58
Q

Three elements relating to the clinicians person which can impact in the session are volume, animation, and enthusiasm. Three or false

A

True

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59
Q

When making clinical decisions one should rely only on intuition. True or false

A

False

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60
Q

When selecting materials for the session, the clinician must consider whether it is appropriate for the clients age. True or false

A

True

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61
Q

It is important to be aware of sounds within and outside of the session as they can be distractors or motivation for the session. True or false

A

True

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62
Q

Fragrance is not something you should consider when providing treatment. True or false

A

False

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63
Q

A master clinician has the knowledge and expertise to inspire confidence and recognize their patients as fellow human beings . True or false

A

True

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64
Q

When it comes to professional dress, the main goal is that you look good. True or false

A

False

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65
Q

Considering where someone else is coming from or understanding that they have different needs than yours is empathetic. True or false

A

True

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66
Q

When working with a group of students, bunched seating is most appropriate. True or false

A

True

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67
Q

Adjusting the speed of the session or changing my plans as I observe my patients responses is empathetic. True or false

68
Q

According to research, what is the work of a child?

69
Q

Empathy is the ability to understand and share another persons feelings. True or false

70
Q

It is not important to follow dress code at your place of employment. True or false

71
Q

The setting, seating, materials, structures present, materials and sounds can all be used to describe the _______

A

Environment

72
Q

Objective writing includes factor like

A
  1. What can be seen?
  2. What can be heard?
  3. Factual information
73
Q

Subjective writing includes factors

A
  1. Based on feelings
  2. Based on hunches
  3. Or perceptions
74
Q

“ The mother was observed to smile each time her son pointed to a picture.” Is this sentence a example of objective or subjective writing?

75
Q

“After approximately 10 minutes, the patient said he was tired and closed the book.” Is this sentence a example of objective or subjective writing?

76
Q

“ The mother was happy her son was pointing to the pictures.” Is this sentence a example of objective or subjective writing?

A

Subjective

77
Q

“The child produced 10 out of 15 utterances correctly using the target vocabulary.” Is this sentence a example of objective or subjective writing?

78
Q

“ The patient lasted only about 10 minutes before giving up.” Is this sentence a example of objective or subjective writing?

A

Subjective

79
Q

“ The child seems to know the vocabulary because she said most of them correctly.” Is this sentence a example of objective or subjective writing?

A

Subjective

80
Q

“ The patient didn’t like to swallow and thin liquids and kept coughing.” Is this sentence a example of objective or subjective writing?

A

Subjective

81
Q

“ The patient coughed repeatedly after each attempt to swallow thin liquids.” Is this sentence a example of objective or subjective writing?

82
Q

When describing the context, imagine you are explaining to another student, a clinician,or a clinical supervisor what you observed. True or false

83
Q

When describing the context, you must describe the environment, but not the people included in the session. True or false

84
Q

When describing the context, we do so objectively, as this is not time for judgment or interpretation. True or false

85
Q

When observing the environment, we look at the following:

A
  1. Identify the setting
  2. Identify the seating
  3. Structures present
  4. Materials
  5. Sounds
86
Q

When observing the setting, we look at the following:

A
  1. Type of space
  2. Size of space
  3. Decor
87
Q

When observing the seating, we look at the following:

A
  1. Type of seating or not
  2. Arrangement of seating
88
Q

When looking at structures present, we look at the following:

A
  1. Tables
  2. Windows
  3. Doors
89
Q

When observing the materials used, we look at the following:

A
  1. Types of materials
  2. Placement of materials
90
Q

When observing the sounds, we look for the following:

A
  1. Sounds internal to or external to the room
91
Q

It’s important to have a professional and appropriate appearance. True or false

92
Q

The overarching goal is the communication advancement of your client, not your fashion sense. True or false

93
Q

Following dress code of your place of employment is important. True or false

94
Q

Personal grooming choices such as fragrance, revealing or provocative clothing, jewelry (size & piercing) are important. True or false

95
Q

hygiene: oral hygiene, cleanliness and nails are important. True or false

96
Q

Involving the client in the decision making process is an example of empathy. True or false

97
Q

Talking openly is an example of empathy. True or false

98
Q

Asking open ended questions is an example of empathy. True or false

99
Q

When observing all the people involved you must

A
  1. Identify who is present in the session
  2. Their relationship with each other
  3. The role each person plays
100
Q

When observing all the people involved you must answer these questions:

A
  1. Who is present? Client? Clinician? Family?
  2. What are the relationships among the players?
  3. What role do the people play (observer, communicator, facilitator.)
101
Q

When observing the session at times you may not have enough information to adequately detail the treatment plan. True or false

102
Q

When observing the session we should rely on

A

Basic description of the types of activities and materials used, as well as the behavior exhibited by both clinician and the client

103
Q

It’s important to consider the needs of the patient and provide a good pace of the session. True or false

104
Q

Pace of session can include

A

Use of time, run out of activities, run out of time, too fast, too slow, just right

105
Q

Some notes to look at or questions to ask yourself when observing a session are

A
  1. What activities did the clinician use to achieve the goals?
  2. Did the clinician use a particular sequence or activities?
  3. Why do you suppose she used the activities she did?
  4. How successful was she in achieving the goals?
  5. If you were to modify the session, how might you do things differently?
106
Q

The most important tool within a session is toys. True or false

107
Q

__________ facilitates growth in more than just one area.

A

Pretend play

108
Q

Encouraging a child to participate in pretend play positively affects:

A
  1. Imaginative thinking and exploration
  2. Abstract thinking
  3. Problem solving
  4. Life skills
  5. Leadership skills
109
Q

Encouraging a child to participate in pretend play positivity affects:

A
  1. Communication development
  2. Social skills development
  3. Use of theory of mind
  4. Understanding of safety
  5. Self confidence and a high self esteem
110
Q

When gathering materials it’s important to choose something appropriate for the clients age. True or false

111
Q

When gathering materials it’s important to consider the clients interest and motivation. True or false

112
Q

When gathering materials it’s important to ask yourself, “ How will I use this to address the clients goal?” True or false

113
Q

Books can

A

Cause and increase vocabulary
Identify
Name
Sequence
Narrative language skills
Comprehension

114
Q

Special considerations for teenagers and adults

A

Interest
Motivation
Responsibility
Rapport

115
Q

The observer must be able to have the following skills:

A
  1. Self reflection
  2. Critical thinking
116
Q

What is self reflection?

A

Meditation or serious thought about one’s character, actions, and motives

117
Q

Self reflection can be described as being mindful of our strengths and weaknesses and how those can be modified to show our potential. True or false

118
Q

To facilitate change in others, one needs to know something about the process of change in one’s self starting with self reflection. True or false

119
Q

What is self identity?

A

Recognition of one’s potential as an individual especially in relation to social context

120
Q

Self reflection involves being ______ and _____

A

Mindful and self aware

121
Q

Reflection is a part of clinical practice. True or false

122
Q

Critical thinking involves asking questions and assessing the quality of the answers using reasoning and evidence rather than anecdotes, emotions, or beliefs. True or false

123
Q

Critical thinking is important to support appropriate decision making when you are practicing. True or false

124
Q

Curiosity and desire for learning is known as

A

Inquisitiveness

125
Q

Being tolerant of divergent views and sensitive to the possibility of one’s own bias is known as

A

Open mindedness

126
Q

Being orderly, organized, focused, and diligent in inquiry is known as

A

Systematicity

127
Q

Prizing the application of reasoning and use of evidence to solve problems is known as

A

Anyalyicity

128
Q

Trusting the sound in one’s own judgements and leading others in the rational resolution of problems is known as

A

Self confidence

129
Q

Three steps in the process of critical thinking are

A
  1. Interpretation
  2. Evaluation
  3. Metacognition
130
Q

An example of interpretation of critical thinking

A

You are given a working diagnosis of your patient prior to conducting your evaluation, the SLP will want to determine how much he/she knows about the situation, including the referral source and the diagnosis

131
Q

During evaluation process of critical thinking, you make a judgement about the credibility and applicability of the evidence for the circumstance. True or false

132
Q

What is metacognition?

A

Awareness and understanding of one’s own thought process

133
Q

During metacognition process of critical thinking, ask yourself the following:

A

How well do I understand the issue
Do I have any bias, assumptions, or values relative to the issue

134
Q

List 5 ways of knowing

A

Received knowledge
Experiential knowledge
Subjective knowledge
Judgmental knowledge
Adversarial knowledge

135
Q

List 5 more ways of knowing

A

Modus operandi
Scientific knowledge in natural sciences
Scientific knowledge in human sciences
Theoretical knowledge
Connected knowledge

136
Q

Received knowledge comes from a source you trust. Someone gives you information and you are comfortable applying it. True or false

137
Q

Some example of received knowledge are

A

Textbooks, professors, professionals, and trusted online sources (ASHA website)

138
Q

Experimental knowledge is “ been there done that” kind of knowledge.true or false

139
Q

During experimental knowledge, our personal firsthand experiences lead us to believe something is true. True or false

140
Q

Subjective knowledge is that _______

A

Gut feeling

141
Q

When we know something because it feels or seems right to us, this is known as

A

Subjective knowledge

142
Q

Subjective knowledge is individualized, internalized way of knowing. True or false

143
Q

Judgment knowledge used set of external standards. True or false

144
Q

Professions apply standards that can include the skills needed as well as ethics expected and judgments are made accordingly. True or false

145
Q

An example of judgment knowledge is

A

Correctness of a clients utterance

146
Q

Adversarial knowledge is known as two or more people argue issues/ data, claim to truth emerges, sometimes a third part is involved. True or false

147
Q

During adversarial knowledge, In disputed situation, we can arrive at an acceptable truth through balancing issues via

A

Argumentation and cross examination

148
Q

It’s important for mutual understanding of the value of adversarial knowledge as well as a respectful professional relationship between the parties involved. True or false

149
Q

Modus operandi is a habitual procedure to arrive at claim. True or false

150
Q

Modus operandi involves __________ and _____

A

Way of operating and method of working

151
Q

Using logic, data to develop a theory is known as

A

Theoretical knowledge

152
Q

Theory can be widely accepted because it has been borne out by fact or evidence, or it could be closer to hypothesis, still to be supported with sufficient evidence to be accepted. True or false

153
Q

Rests on the principles of the scientific method

A

Scientific knowledge in the natural sciences

154
Q

Scientific knowledge in the natural sciences can be used to explain all of human behavior. True or false

155
Q

Scientific knowledge in the nature sciences involves

A

Personal wisdom or interpersonal empathy

156
Q

Uses definable method, seek narrative patterns is known as

A

Scientific knowledge in the human sciences

157
Q

Human experience had fundamental differences with natural sciences

A

Scientific knowledge in the human sciences

158
Q

Immersing I’m a phenomenon and pulling out important data, interpretations and conclusions.

A

Scientific knowledge in the human sciences

159
Q

Some examples of scientific knowledge in the human sciences are

A

Letters, diaries, or journals

160
Q

Way of knowledge that comes from restful dialogue with others

A

Coco strutted knowledge

161
Q

Listening to others and their positions, try to look at reality the way another person looks at it

A

Coco strutted knowledge

162
Q

Work to create an attitude of respect and culturally safe environment. True or false

163
Q

Putting aside the notion that one person or group is the norm and everyone else’s is the other

A

Culturally sensitive practice

164
Q

We need to be willling to explore our own cultures, our own backgrounds, the environments which we have developed and those of others. True or false

165
Q

Being eager to seek the best knowledge in a given context, courageous about asking questions, and honest about pursuing inquiry even the findings do not support one’s self interest or preconceived opinions

A

Truth seeking

166
Q

Approaching problems, inquiry, and decision making with a sense that some problems are I’ll structured, some have more than one option, and some judgments must be made on standards, contexts, and evidence that preclude certainty

Clinical Practicum (1 decks)

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