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LS 202 > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

why Canadians don’t view indigenous death as human death?

A
  1. victims fault
  2. frame death as unintentional
  3. framing death as misunderstanding
  4. framing death as inevitable
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2
Q

allowing indigenous to be killed with impunity serves what two purposes in colonialism?

A
  1. reasserts settler control over indigenous land and people (if you can kill w out punishment, you have power over that space)
  2. demonstrates to indigenous ppl that they are not fully human (this makes humans feel more justified for controlling them)
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3
Q

myth #1

A

there is an easily identifiable group of criminals
- 2 groups: criminals and non criminals
- everyone breaks the law
- so where is the line

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4
Q

myth #2

A

everyone who commits a crime, gets convicted
- not all laws are enforced or enforced fairly
- some go uninvestigated or unsolved
- not enough evidence sometimes

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5
Q

myth #3

A

everyone who gets convicted, committed a crime
- some cannot afford lawyers
- pressure to plead guilty
- some ppl don’t understand what will happen to them

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6
Q

myth #4

A

all immoral activity is illegal
- some bad things are not illegal
- bone reading: # of ppl that die from murder vs unnecessary surgeries

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7
Q

myth #5

A

police enforce the law and protect us from dangerous crimes
- police break laws against women, trans, ex convicts
- most of the time is public service not fighting crime

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8
Q

myth #6

A

crime ridden neighbourhoods exist
- no such thing
- there’s just more police presence in poor communities, rich ppl don’t get caught

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9
Q

liberal model

A

focused more on hiding inequality and poverty rather than solving it
- late 70’s-80’s
- created emphasis on public order offences

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10
Q

welfare state model

A

treated poverty as a collective problem to solve, attempted to find and solve root of problem
- late 40-50’s to late 70’s

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11
Q

disorderly conduct offences

A

includes causing disturbances in public places, swearing, getting drunk, loitering, etc
- way that certain groups can be controlled and contained
- purposely VAGUE

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12
Q

quasi criminal law

A

provincial and municipal law (fishing, highway laws, health, property, etc)
- different from federal law
- developed during a massive social change during end of feudalism and beginning of capitalism

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13
Q

feudalism

A

no owner of land
- land was shared between peasants and wealthy and peasants were allowed to survive on the land w out labour

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14
Q

perpetuating factors #1: news media and journalists

A
  • can choose route, lang, tone, images, etc for article
  • can question those in power
  • certain laws protect their safety
  • could be working for news outlets w a short time frame creating pressure
  • see simp imper. and news thresh.
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15
Q

perpetuating factors #2: entertainment media (crime dramas)

A
  • violent crimes are shown the most although happen the least
  • irl violent crimes happen in heat of moment, not premeditated
  • necessity of police exaggerated
    offender always convicted (this is not the case)
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16
Q

perpetuating factors #3: general public

A
  • gets info from news media and other ppl
  • benefit from sensationalization of crime (bonding w peers over oversimplified narrative of crime)
  • responds better to simplicity
  • gives ppl sense of identity; “I am not a criminal bc I don’t do the things that I read about”
17
Q

perpetuating factors #4: police

A
  • police maintain the idea that there is lots of dangerous crime that they need to protect us from
  • police publicize their work
  • Politian’s tend to support these ideas/policies (“lock em up attitude”)
  • Politian’s tend to align themselves with police and claim a moral high ground
18
Q

simplification imperative

A

reduce the way they tell the story, only certain amount of parts, oversimplified actors, dividing people into heroes, villains, etc,

19
Q

cherry beach express (Toronto)

A
  • police picked up black, gay, homeless, etc ppl in the streets and bring them to cherry beach to desert them there, ended in 1996
20
Q

vancouver olympics

A
  • another way police removed these individuals out
  • claimed they were removing them to make the city more presentable for visitors
21
Q

hostile architecture

A
  • environmental design features to keep homeless out of the public (rails on benches, spikes on ground, bus station glass not all the way down)
  • ppl saw poverty as a security problem as a threat that would scare away investors
22
Q

Ontarios safe streets act

A
  • made it illegal to squeegee windshields at traffic lights
  • goes along w trend that poor ppl are unwanted
23
Q

starlight tours

A
  • police driving individuals (indigenous or minority) and drive them out of town in the middle of winter and take their shoes/coats so they would freeze to death
  • one count happened in Alberta 2019
  • hardly any investigation bc no one was alive to say what happened
  • police used term unarrest instead of drop-off
  • neil stonechild was victim of this
24
Q

neil stonechild

A
  • 17 yr old indigenous boy who had strange cuts on his wrists and broken. nose
    his friend witnessed him getting carted away begging for his life
  • police burned his clothes
  • this death was only investigated 10 yrs later when two other bodies were found
25
Q

defence of necessity

A
  • someone is forced to do something in relation to particular circumstance
  • circumstance that would happen to them is worse than breaking law
26
Q

defence of duress

A
  • a person experiencing a threat from another person
  • bodily harm, death, etc if they don’t comply
  • some offences excluded; murder, sexual assault
27
Q

defence of automatism

A
  • state of impaired consciousness
  • accused has no voluntary control over actions
  • sleep walking, certain brain tumours, dissociative states
28
Q

defence of intoxication

A
  • self induced is almost never used as an excuse
  • extreme intoxication only when similar to mental disorders / automatism; severe
29
Q

defence of provocation

A
  • committing a criminal act in an incredibly shocking situation which caused the person to act in heat of the moment
  • reaction to the kind of situation that a reasonable person would lose control
  • clear that person did not intend to cause death or harm
  • this defence doesn’t give a full acquittal but can be used to reduce charges
30
Q

defence of self defence

A
  • accused believes that force was being threatened against them
  • caused must not have intended death or harm when defending themselves
  • most be considered reasonable in circumstance
  • must believe they couldn’t survive without
  • relies on the perception of imminent danger
31
Q

super humanization bias

A

the tendency to attribute supernatural characteristics to black people
- individuals believe black ppl are more physical and powerful therefore more feared
- mike brown case where police officer Darren said his body was expanding, running through bullets

32
Q

vice crimes

A
  • gambling
  • crimes related to porn/ prostitution
  • alcohol and drug abuse
  • often seen as victimless crimes
33
Q

female refugees act

A
  • allowed to arrest women between 16-35 for promiscuous behaviour
  • being pregnant and not married
  • drinking
  • walking alone
  • effective till 1964
34
Q

1908 opium act

A
  • anti immigration attack on Chinese businesses in Vancouver’s chinatown
  • deputy went to deal w it but ended up banning opium for non medical use
  • says he discovered opium in Chinese community and decided it was a problem that needed to be fixed
  • seen as tactic to restrict Chinese immigration
35
Q

radicalization against black communities

A
  • drug use was channeled into black neighbourhoods
  • gambling and drinking would be allocated to black communities, which brought drugs and crime
  • police were less dismissive of drugs and sex work

LS 202 (2 decks)

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