Exam 1 Flashcards
external users - financial statements
summarizes past
measures value
financial
internal users
emphasis is on future decisions
detailed
managerial
inflows (bank, shareholders, owners)
outflows (dividends, distributions, loan payments)
financing
inflows (sale of assets- building, furniture)
outflows (building, equipment)
investing
inflows (sale of goods/services)
outflows (utilities, rent, salaries, sales leads; pays for expenses)
operating
owned by 1 person
easy to establish (benefit)
complete control of the business (benefit)
personally liable (con)
sole proprietorship
2 or more individuals
share capital, risks, rewards
partnership agreement (lawyer)
personally liable
partnership
separate legal entity
articles of incorporation
follows state laws governed
double taxation
stockholders are NOT liable
continuity existence
easily transfer ownership
corporation
cash
accounts receivable
office supplies
equipment
building
assets
obligations a business has to its creditors
accounts payable
notes payable (loan)
liabilities
company’s commitment to stockholders
common stock
retained earnings
dividends
stockholders equity
assets = liabilities + stockholders equity (common stock + retained earnings [revenue - expenses - dividends])
basic equation
used in 1 year or less
current
lasts for more than a year
noncurrent
reported for a period of time
net income/loss
income statement
revenue - expenses
net income/loss equation
reported for the same period of time as the income statement
statement of retained earnings
beginning retained earnings +/- net income/loss - dividends
ending retained earnings equation
balance sheet
covers a point in time
assets = liabilities + stockholders equity
balance sheet equation
increasing
issuing common stock, borrow from creditors, through earning activities (revenue)
asset source
no change
using cash to pay for office supplies, equipment, etc
asset exchange
decreasing
cash to pay for expenses or dividends
asset use
land
asset
dividends
equity
retained earnings
equity
sales revenue
revenue
advertising expense
expense
bonds payable
liability
office supplies
asset
accounts receivable
asset
rent expense
expense
accounts payable
liability
salaries expense
expense
sales tax payable
liability
building
asset
merchandise inventory
asset
rent revenue
revenue
common stock
equity
notes receivable
asset
insurance expense
expense
supplies expense
expense
notes payable
liability
service revenue
revenue
cash
asset
equipment
asset
supplies
asset
acquired cash from owners
financing
borrowed cash from creditors
financing
paid cash to purchase land
investing
earned cash revenue
operating
paid cash for salary expenses
operating
paid cash dividend
financing
paid cash for interest
operating
fraud or theft requires collusion (separated, not duplicated)
separation of duties
the process is designed to ensure reliable financial reporting
internal control
unadjusted bank balance + deposits in transit - outstanding checks = adjusted cash balance
adjustments to the bank balance equation
unadjusted book balance + accounts/notes receivable + interest earned - bank service fees - non-sufficient funds (NSF) = adjusted cash balance
adjustments to the book balance equation