Exam 1 Flashcards
Any combination of difficulties with perception, motor production, and/or phonological representation of speech sounds/ segments that impact speech intelligibility
Speech sound Disorder
Bowen’s speech sound disorder umbrella categories
Anatomical/sensory, motoric, perceptual, phonetic, phonemic
Anatomical/sensory
Ankyloglossia, cleft, palate, hearing impairment
Motric
Execution- dysarthria, planning- apraxia
Perceptual
Articulation and phonological
Phonetic
Articulation
Phonemic
Phonological
Subcategory of speech disorder, atypical production of phonemes, characterized by substitutions, omissions, distortions, and additions (SODA), motor-based
Articulation disorder
Subcategory of language disorder, impaired comprehension of a sound system and rules that govern sound combinations, sound- system based
Phonological disorder
Anatomical/ physiological systems of the speech mechanism
Respiratory (gas exchange), phonatory (protection from foreign bodies), resonatory ( modifies sound), articulatory( sound production)
Vowels (open) described by…
Height, unrounded/ rounded, front/back/central
Consonants (constricted) described by…
Place, manner, voicing
Vowel quadrilateral
Look. At the quiz let
How can knowledge of the vowel quadrilateral can assist in selecting target words for articulation therapy?
Knowing the placement of different vowels in the vowel quadrilateral (whether they’re high/low, front/back) can help to select words for therapy that feature the sounds/ specific articulatory areas of error
Coarticulation
Articulators move into position to accommodate for other sounds
Adaptive articulatory changes causing a speech sound to become similar/ identical to a neighboring sound
Assimilation
Nucleus/ most intense portion of a word
Peak
All segments prior to peak
Onset
All segments after peak
Coda
Phonetic elements that distinguish one phoneme from another, creates sound classes
Distinctive features
________ system is used in distinctive features to identify feature presence/ absence
Binary
5 features of distinctive feature systems
Major class, cavity, manner of articulation, source, prosodic
Major class
Characterize and distinguish among 3 sounds- sonorant, consonant, approximate
Cavity
Place of articulation- coronal anterior, distributes, nasal, lateral, high, low, back
Manner of articulation
Way articulators work together to produce sound classes- continuant ( vowels, fricatives, approximate) delayed release ( affricates)
Source
Subglottal air pressure- voiced, strident (loud,harsh sound)
Prosodic
Musical qualities of language, including intonation, stress, and rhythm
Generative phonology theory
Surface- level representation, underlying form/ deep structure, phonological representation, phonetic representation
Surface - level representation
Phonetic, surface forms, end products of production
Underlying form/ deep structure
Underlying meaning
Phonological representation
Abstract underlying form of sound representation
Phonetic representation
Modified surface form of sound representation
Phonological processes
Patterns children demonstrate when learning adult speech
3 phonological processes categories
Syllable structure, substitution, assimilatory
Limitation (natural phonology
Differences become limited to specific sounds
Differences become limited to specific sounds
Limitation (Natural phonology)
Ordering ( natural phonology)
Differences in substitutions become more organized
Suppression (natural phonology)
Abolishment of 1+ phonological processes, transition to adult speech
Nonlinear phonologies
Feature geometry, optimality theory
Feature geometry
Nodes- rule- governed
Optimality theory
Markedness, constraint- based
T/F- all theories differentiate between phonetic/ phonemic
True
Natural phonology deals with…
Phonological processes
Phonetic =_________
Surface representation
Phonemic =______
Underlying form/ meaning
Distinctive features used clinically demonstrate_______
Error patterns
Difference between linear and nonlinear phonologies
Nonlinear believe in a hierarchy between segments
Sonorant
Open vocal tract, promoting voicing
Consonantal
Sounds produced with a high degree of oral obstruction
Approximant
Sounds produced with a low degree of oral obstruction
Binary used
A plus and minus system
(+) presence
(-) absence
Coronal
Blade of tongue raised from neutral
Anterior
Front region of oral cavity (anterior of the alveolar ridge)
Distributed
Sounds with long oral - Sagittal constriction
Nasel
Open nasal passageway
Lateral
Lowered lateral rim portion of the tongue
High
High tongue position
Low
Vowles produced with low tongue position /a/ only consonants would be /h/
Back
Vowels consonants produced /w/ retracted tongue body/ back vowels, velar, pharyngeal consonants
Round
Lip rounding /u,w/
