Exam 1

Question 1

What is an ion

Answer 1

When protons and electrons are not equal, causing a charge (either positive or negative and will be indicated/given by a coefficient next to the chemical symbol)

Question 2

What type of bond is found in Water?

Answer 2

polar covalent (hydrogen) bond

Question 3

Why is the chemistry of water important?

Answer 3

Water molecules attract to each other, creating a movement through a living system. It also is able to maintain a liquid state at higher temperatures.

Question 4

What is pH?

Answer 4

measure of hydrogen ions in a solution

Question 5

How do you interpret a pH scale?

Answer 5

Acidic = 0-6
Basic = 8-14
pure water has a pH of 7

Question 6

What is the difference between a pH of 4 and 5?

Answer 6

pH 4 is 10x more acidic than pH 5. It is also 100x more acidic than pH 6.

Question 7

How do we find the number of PROTONS in an atom?

Answer 7

the atomic number

Question 8

How do we find the number of NEUTRONS in an atom?

Answer 8

atomic number - atomic mass.
equal to the number of protons in a neutral atom

Question 9

How do we find the number of ELECTRONS in an atom

Answer 9

they are equal to the number of protons

Question 10

What are the most common atoms found in a cell?

Answer 10

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur (CHNOPS)

Question 11

What is an atom?

Answer 11

smallest unit of life. has a balanced number of protons and electrons

Question 12

What are isotopes?

Answer 12

Same element with different atomic masses.
Increased number of neutrons

Question 13

Why do atoms bond with each other?

Answer 13

to fill their valence electron shells and become stable

Question 14

How do we determine the type of bond two atoms share?

Answer 14

find the electronegativity (largest - smallest)

Question 15

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 15

electronegativity is between 0-1.7 with NON-METALS

Question 16

What is an Ionic bond?

Answer 16

electronegativity is greater than 1.7

Question 17

What is a polar-covalent bond?

Answer 17

electronegativity between 0.4-1.7

Question 18

What is a NON-polar-covalent bond?

Answer 18

Equal sharing of electrons
Electronegativity is less than 0.4

Question 19

What is a dipole moment?

Answer 19

when electrons are NOT evenly being shared. This leaves the atom with a partial charge.

Question 20

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 20

strong attraction of hydrogen atoms. The attraction is weaker and can be broken by heat.

Question 21

What is a hydrophobic substance?

Answer 21

a substance that doesn’t mix with water

Question 22

What is a hydrophilic substance?

Answer 22

polar substances that mix with water

Question 23

What is a hydrophobic force?

Answer 23

relations between water and hydrophobes. They are NON-POLAR with long chains

Question 24

What is entropy?

Answer 24

the energy required to maintain the upkeep of a cell. Things get “chaotic” when it is lowered.

adding hydrophobic substances to water decreases the entropy

Question 25

Why is carbon essential?

Answer 25

it is light and since there is a lot of it, other atoms bond easily

Question 26

What is a functional group?

Answer 26

carboxyl, carbonyl, hydroxyl, phosphate and amino acids