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Family relationships > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

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Conversation Starters flashcards
1
Q

Family definition

A

group of 2 or more people connected by blood/adoptions/marriage/choice who may rely on e/o for social/emotional/financial support

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2
Q

family structure

A

number of people, relationships to e/o, demographic variables

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2
Q

family structure

A

number of people, relationships to e/o, demographic variables

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3
Q

nuclear family

A

1950-1965

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4
Q

cult of forgiveness

A

post-war
higher wages, higher church attendance, higher social trust

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5
Q

chosen families in response to…

A

lgbtq+ displacement

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6
Q

family processes

A

what family members do to and for e/o

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7
Q

family function shifts over time

A

from public to private
to more self-expressive values

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8
Q

marriage shifts over time

A

love as a requirement is new
from business to love basically

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9
Q

children shifts over time

A

from producers to economic dependents

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10
Q

SNAF

A

standard north american family
white and middle class

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11
Q

cultural relativism

A

allowance of other cultural practices around the globe as long as human rights aren’t violated

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12
Q

privatization of the family

A

gradual separation of work life and home life

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13
Q

critical for long lasting relationships

A

sharing of values

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14
Q

all-or-nothing marriages

A

higher marriage quality expectations
GREAT marriage or NO marriage

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15
Q

ages we are getting married at now

A

men: 30.6
women: 28.6

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16
Q

peak of children born out of wedlock

A

2007-2008

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17
Q

who stays longer: married couples or co-habiting couples?

A

married

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18
Q

marriage rates: increased or decreased?

A

decreased

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19
Q

divorce rates: increased or decreased?

A

decreased

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20
Q

why are teen pregnancies decreasing?

A

2011
affordable care act

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21
Q

definition of theory

A

general explanation of a phenomenon

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22
Q

descriptive question

A
  1. What happens when…?
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23
Q

predictive question

A
  1. Does living together prior to marriage predict the likelihood of divorce?
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24
Q

explanatory question

A
  1. Why might cohabitation be linked to divorce? (????????)
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25
Q

Good Theory requirements (4)

A
  1. explains phenomena in elegant/parsimonious way
  2. organizes existing knowledge
  3. draws attention to processes/guide measurement decisions
  4. identifies specific predictions/hypotheses
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26
Q

definition of hypothesis

A

specific and testable (disconfirmable) statement of theory

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27
Q

Family Systems Theory

A

individuals have complex relationships and all aspects affect the experience (starts in Family of Origin)

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28
Q

Evolutionary Theory (2 parts)

A
  1. sexual selection: traits that increase likelihood of successfully reproducing = dominant
  2. parental investment: mating strategies tied to investments required for offspring’s survival
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29
Q

Attachment Theory

A

early caregiver relationships shape trust and how we process info – how we adjust socially/emotionally in adulthood

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30
Q

Bioecological Theory

A

individuals exist in multiple complex systems (Brofenbrenner)

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31
Q

analog

A

simulations of real life

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32
Q

operational definition

A

helps us clearly test a specific hypothesis (what is Happy? how much we smile a day?)

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33
Q

baseline assessment

A

measuring the dependent variable BEFORE the experiment

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34
Q

etic

A

outside perspective (a bias)

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35
Q

emic

A

inside perspective (a bias)

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36
Q

key development skill according to Erikson

A

intimacy

37
Q

Triangular Theory of Love

A

passion - intimacy - commitment

38
Q

5 Styles of Love

A

eros, ludus, storge, pragma, mania, agape (6?)

39
Q

ideal love styles in western cultures

A

agape, consummate love, self-expansion love

40
Q

hindsight bias

A

tendency to believe “knew it all along”

41
Q

do scientists like data or wisdom

A

data

42
Q

constructs

A

abstract ideas (love, health, poverty, well-being, etc)

43
Q

operationalization

A

the translation of abstract idea into concrete terms so it can be measured and studied

44
Q

self-reports
what to consider? (2)
cons? (2)

A

simplest, cheapest, most common
THINGS TO CONSIDER:
1. framing the question (pos/neg)
2. hidden assumptions (guilt/judgment)
CONS:
social desirability effects, sentiment override

45
Q

systemic observation
cons? (2ish)

A

powerful results, expensive, time-consuming, picks representative behaviors
CONS:
hard to observe and interpret

46
Q

construct validity

A

extent to which measure of construct is a good and valid measure
(reliable and valid = good)

47
Q

when can you generalize findings to entire population?

A

if using a probability sample

48
Q

experimental research requirement

A

controlling a variable or environment

49
Q

cross-sectional study

A

correlational
data from many individuals at 1 point in time

50
Q

longitudinal study

A

correlational

51
Q

experimental studies need (4):

A
  1. dependent variable
  2. independent variable
  3. a control
  4. random assignment
52
Q

Sternberg’s Theory of Love

A

passion, intimacy, commitment

53
Q

passion

A

romance, physical attraction, desire, arousal
ONLY = infatuation

54
Q

intimacy

A

closeness, connectedness, bonding, warmth
ONLY = liking

55
Q

commitment

A
  1. decide to love
  2. decide to maintain love
    ONLY = empty love
56
Q

uniqueness?

A

challenges mate value consensus

57
Q

consensus and uniqueness when you get to know someone:

A

consensus decreases
uniqueness increases

58
Q

Arthur Aron’s Study

A

displayed:
gradual intimacy = more comfortable with vulnerability
(uses pheromones and hormones)

59
Q

dominant personality types

A

dopamine
serotonin
testosterone
estrogen

60
Q

dopamine personality attracted to

A

other dopamine

61
Q

serotonin personality attracted to

A

other serotonin

62
Q

testosterone personality attracted to

A

estrogen

63
Q

estrogen personality attracted to

A

testosterone

64
Q

dynamic attraction

A

charisma

65
Q

how to become more attractive?

A

be comfortable/confident, network, answer the 36 questions, don’t play (too) hard to get

66
Q

evolutionary theory
preference in women

A

youth = fertility
average physical attractiveness means good health
0.7 hip to waist ratio

67
Q

evolutionary theory
preference in men

A

social status (job title/networking)
financial status (current $ and characteristics for potential $)
commitment (support/car/raising kids)

68
Q

passionate love: increase or decrease

A

decreases over time

69
Q

companionate love: increase or decrease

A

increases over time

70
Q

long distance relationships (5):

A

balance independence
allows us to ignore negatives
can signal higher commitment
make partner-time more special
engage in more relationship-focused conversation

71
Q

Amount of Love (triangle)

A

how large is your triangle?

72
Q

Actual vs. Ideal Love (triangle)

A

comparing the love you experience vs. the love you imagine
1. underinvolvement (not experiencing enough)
2. overinvolvement (wanting components in differing amounts at different times?)
3. misinvolvement (mishapen triangle)

73
Q

Love in Partnerships (triangle)

A

how closely matched are
1. your triangle
2. your partner’s triangle
partners tend to be more matched on the intimacy scale

74
Q

married couples (as opposed to dating):

A

less passion
more commitment
equal intimacy
- husbands tend to feel less fulfilled by their wives

75
Q

2 Primary Forms of Love

A
  1. passionate/romantic love
  2. companionate love
76
Q

attachment style most linked with passionate love?

A

anxious
wanna be close, no trust apart
preoccupied with thoughts of person

77
Q

cognitive aspects of passionate love

A

intense focused attention
obsessive thinking (intrusive, time-consuming, distracting)

78
Q

emotional aspects of passionate love

A

euphoria, emotional dependency (make reciprocity important), increased energy

79
Q

behavioral aspects of passionate love

A

seeking proximity, sexual bidding (optional)

80
Q

physiological aspects of passionate love

A

symptoms resemble addiction, similar reward/motivation system

81
Q

maintaining passion requires…

A

novelty

82
Q

physiological aspects of companionate love

A

brain activity in caregiving/attachment
oxytocin levels: promotes bonding
vasopressin levels: associated with attachment
(both hormones also released in orgasm)

83
Q

The Fundamental Principles of Interpersonal Attraction

A

4 direct rewards and 3 indirect rewards

84
Q

4 direct rewards in relations:

A

gifts
interest/approval
affection
laughter

85
Q

3 indirect rewards in relations:

A

things that connect ppl to us
offspring survival
physical attractiveness

86
Q

incidental similarities

A

indirect
ex: sharing a bday
leads to feeling more connected to the other person

87
Q

number-1 thing we look for in a partner

A

physical attractiveness

88
Q

halo effect

A

we tend to assume attractive people are better people

89
Q

matching hypothesis

A

we tend to match with people of same mate value

Family relationships (1 decks)

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