Exam 1 Flashcards
CPU
The circuitry in a computer that controls the manipulation of data is called the central processing
unit.
What are the three parts of the CPU
Arithmetic/ Logic Unit(ALU), Control Unit and Register Unit.
What’s the function of the Arithmetic Unit
The ALU performs operations on data such as addition and subtraction.
What’s the function of the Control Unit
contains the circuitry for coordinating the machine’s activities.
What’s the function of the Register Unit
contains data storage cells called registers.
Bus
The bus is the electronic connection that connects all the devices on the computer to the CPU and
each other.
Main Memory
Main Memory is the high speed memory associated with the CPU (but not included in
the CPU) that stores computer programs for execution.
Stored Program Concept
The idea of storing programs in main memory is called the
Computer Programs
In order for instructions to be executed by the CPU, they must be reduced to machine language.
Machine Language Instruction
Consists of an instruction code followed by an address or addresses. the computer uses a compiler to convert
the instructions to machine code.
List the 5 types of instructions
Branch
Arithmetic
Read
Write
Conditional
Clock
Circuitry in the control unit that provides for coordinates instruction execution.
FIRMWARE
Instructions stored in read only memory in devices to speed operations.
Machine cycle
Fetch, Decode, and Execute
Program Counter
Internal counter that keeps up with the address of the nest instruction to be decoded for execution.
Motherboard
is a large circuit board that holds computer components. Its called a motherboard
because of its capability to extend its capabilities with the addition of daughterboard’s or add on cards. It
is also called the mainboard.
Who is George Boole was and what did he contribute.
English mathematician who helped establish modern symbolic logic and whose algebra of logic, now called Boolean algebra, is basic to the design of digital computer circuits.
Boolean Operations
Operations that manipulate true/ false
values.
Gate
Devices that produce output of a Boolean operation when given any input values is called a gate. Gates are the building blocks from which computers are constructed.
Memory
Main memory is organized in units called cells with a typical size of 8 bits (one byte). Each cell can be addressed with a unique name called its address.
What are the different types of memory
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
Synchronized dynamic RAM (SDRAM)
Magnetic Disk
An information storage device for a computer in the shape of a round flat plate that can be rotated to give access to all parts of the surface. The data may be stored either magnetically or optically.
CD optical storage
any storage type in which data is written and read with a laser.
Flash Drive
a small electronic device containing flash memory that is used for storing data or transferring it to or from a computer.
Data
can be stored as integers, floating point numbers and characters. Characters are usually represented in 8 bit bytes as hexadecimal characters with 2 hex characters representing the character.
Who is Herman Hollerith
A German-American statistician, inventor, and businessman invented who developed a punch-card tabulation machine system that revolutionized statistical computation.
In ______ John von Neumann develops the definition of modern computer architecture.
1945
In ______ Bell Labs develops the first transistor
1947
In ______ the first commercial, non government computer is delivered to the GE plant in Louisville Ky
1954
In ______ Grace Hopper develops the first compiler (COBOL)
1956
In ________ Transistors replace vacuum tubes for computer storage
1960
In ________ integrated circuits are applied to technology
1965
In ______ Texas Instrument delivers the first hand held calculator.
1966
In _______ the first microcomputer (MIT’s Altair) commercially produced and marketed
1975
In ______ Apple II introduced
1977
In _____ IBM PC introduced
1981
In ____ Apple Macintosh introduced
1984
In ________ AT&T’s video phone released
1992
Label
a sequence of characters that identifies a location within source code
Labels must be less than _____ characters long and not contain blanks or symbols
12
_______ should always be at the end of your program and signals the compiler that this is the last instruction executed.
END command
_________ prints the specified message to the screen, or other standard output device.
Print Command
________ allows the programmer to document the program
Comment commands
