EXAM 1 Flashcards
an organism that lives in or on an organism of another species and benefits by deriving nutrients at the others expense
Parasite
Host in which parasite reaches sexual maturity
Definitive host
Required stage with morphological change in parasite
Intermediate host
required stage with no morphological change in parasite, bridges trophic gap
Paratenic host
Infected definitive host serving as source of infection for other host (usually humans)
Reservoir host
Human derived disease from reservoir host
Zoonosis
Any host that actively transports parasites from one host to another
Vector
anterior end of malaria
Apical Complex
Causes cells to invaginate
Rhoptery
Shikamate Pathway
ring stage, produce protease
Trophozoite
digested heme
hemozoin
asexual reproduction by multiple fission
Schizogony
enzyme
Apyrase
(eimeria) life cycle only in one host
Monoxenous life cycle
resting or dormant stage of parasite (infective) , helps survive unfavorable environmental conditions, long lived
Cyst
diagnostic feature or giardia, form of diarhhea, yellow greasy stool because no lipid or bile absorbed
Steatorrhea
large mitochondria, gives energy and genomic features
Kinetoplastid
- aerobic
- No vsg’s
Blood forms: slender and stumpy blood forms
Procyclic
- anaerobic
- VSG’s expressed
Stops multiplication
metacyclic
Variable Surface Glycoproteins, protect outer membrane
VSGs
swelling of lymph nodes , sign of african trypsanomiasis
Winterbottom’s sign
produced in sleeping sickness
Tryptophol
swelling associated with the acute stages of chaga’s diesease
Romana sign
portal of entry for parasite, swelling
Chagoma
uninfected kissing bugs, feed on patients, investigae bug for T. cruzi
Xenodiagnosis
Visceral Leishmaniasis (L.donovani) , fever, hepatomegaly, weakness, and resembles leprosy
Kala-azar
plasmodium spp.
Malaria
Renal failure, hemolysis (RBC’s burst), nephritis , hemoglobin in the urine, hemoglobinuria (black urine)
Black water fever
Schizonts burst, antigens activate t cells, TNF stimulates hypothalamus, cells in the brain stick together, clumps of cell blocks blood vessels
Cerebral Malaria
mother contracts naiive infection, infects fetus brain (hydrocephalis)
Transplacental toxoplasmosis
high parasite loads (toxoplasma gondii), can cause bipolar and schizophrenia as a result
Crazy cat lady syndrome
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis, Sarcocystis neurona (family sarcocystidae), neurological disease in the spinal cord
EPM
Dysentary, blood in stool due to break down in intestinal lining and blood vessels flattened
Amoebiasis
Primary amoeba menigocephalitis , inflammation of the menges of the brain
PAM
old world, tsetse fly bite
African sleeping sickness
new world , stercordarian trypanosomiasis (spread through feces of insect), kissing bug (T. cruzi)
Chagas’ disease
Leishmania spp. , sandfly, visceral, cutaneous, mucocutaneous
Leishmaniasis
Both organisms benefit, typically can’t survive with out each other
Mutualism
One organism benefits, other unaffected
Commensalism
One organism benefits, at the other organisms expense
Parasitism
