Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AN S 331 > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Phases of the ovarian cycle

A

Luteal & Follicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which portion of the ovary houses the oocytes (except in the mare)?

A

Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where does ovulation occur in the mare?

A

Ovulation fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which stage of follicular development would you find squamous cells surrounding the follicle?

A

Primordial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which layer of the antral follicle produces estrogen and inhibin?

A

Granulosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Characteristics of the ampulla in the oviduct

A

Ciliated columnar cells, over 1/2 of entire oviduct, & large in diameter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

True or false? Vagina is very active secretory organ

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which species is the semen deposited into the cervix deeper than others?

A

Sow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three main functions of the epididymis?

A

Maturation of spermatozoa, storage of spermatozoa, & trickle function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In the species discussed in this course, the temperature gradient between core body temperature and the testes must be __________ for successful spermatogenesis.

A

4-6 degrees C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the spermatic cord contain?

A

Vasculature, lymphatics, nerves, ductus deferens, cremaster muscle, pampiniform plexus, & testicular artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the mechanism of heat transfer in the pampiniform plexus?

A

Counter-current heat exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

A

Seminiferous tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of the blood-testis barrier?

A

Prevents the immune system from attacking the spermatozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is the spermatozoa ejaculated from?

A

Tail of the epididymis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What must happen for the sperm tail in order to fertilize the ovum?

A

Must shed the cytoplasmic droplet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the LH site?

A

Leydig cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of LH?

A

Testosterone production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where is the FSH site?

A

Sertoli cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of FSH?

A

Spermatogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is the blood-testis barrier accomplished?

A

Tight junctions of Sertoli cells and peritubular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How are old spermatozoa removed from the body?

A

Trickle of out of the epididymis and vas deferens and flushed out with urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the typical storage capacity (in days of production) of the tail of the epididymis?

A

4-8 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How do the sperm cells move through the male reproductive tract?

A

Smooth muscle contractions of various ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Another name for the paramesonephric ducts

A

Mullerian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is sexual differentiation regulated by and on what chromosome?

A

SRY gene; Y chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Epithelial cords eventually become?

A

Seminiferous tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

In the female, the Mullerian ducts eventually become?

A

The cervix, oviducts, uterus, & vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which cells secrete the anti-mullerian hormone?

A

Sertoli cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

During female differentiation, which structures regress?

A

Epithelial cords, mesonephric tubules, & mesonephric ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What was the first domestic animal to be A.I.’d?

A

A dog

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the fate of most oocytes and spermatozoa’s?

A

Death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the ultimate goal of reproduction?

A

A live birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Most follicles are…

A

Quiescent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Another name for the antral follicle if it grows into a pre-ovulatory follicle (if the egg ovulates)

A

Graafian follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Three layers of the antral follicles

A

Theca externa, Theca interna, & Granulosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Which cells produce estrogen, inhibin, and follicular fluid?

A

Granulosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

First section of the oviduct

A

Infundibulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Second section of the oviduct

A

Ampulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Third section of the oviduct

A

Isthmus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Specific site of fertilization

A

Ampullary-isthmic junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Muscularis = ?

A

Myometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Mucosa & Submucosa = ?

A

Endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Serosa = ?

A

Perimetrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

How does mucus change from gestation to partition?

A

Tacky/thick mucus to slimy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are the functions of vaginal mucus?

A

Protection from micro bacteria with thick mucus; protects vagina during copulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

How long is sperm stored in the tail of the epididymis?

A

4-8 days

48
Q

What happens to all of the “dead” sperm

A

Gradual “trickle” of spermatozoa out of epididymal tail through vas deferens, and into the urethra; will be flushed out with urination

49
Q

Ductus deferens function

A

Sperm transport tube

50
Q

Where is the spermatic cord located?

A

Extends from the inguinal ring to the top of the testis

51
Q

Function of the pampiniform plexus

A

Creates a countercurrent heat exchange

52
Q

What is the function of the cremaster muscle?

A

Regulate the temperature of the testis by raising and lowering them; pumps the blood back up into the body

53
Q

Function of the seminiferous tubules

A

Sperm production; Sertoli cells control spermatogenesis; Under the control of FSH

54
Q

Function of the Leydig cells

A

Under the control of LH; Controls testosterone production

55
Q

Function of the blood-testis barrier

A

Prevents the destruction of spermatozoa from the immune system

56
Q

Function of the epididymis

A

Storage, maturation, trickle

57
Q

What is seminal plasma?

A

Not required for fertility; Added to the sperm cells during ejactulation; adds nutrients and buffers to the sperm

58
Q

What gland has control of testosterone?

A

Bulbourethral gland

59
Q

Where does the gel fraction of ejaculate come from?

A

The bulbourethral glands

60
Q

What does the corpus cavernosum do?

A

Primarily engorges with blood during ejaculation

61
Q

What layer of inner cell mass gives rise to the repro system?

A

Mesoderm

62
Q

Anterior pituitary gland

A

Adenohypophysis (originates from roof of embryos mouth, stomodeal ectoderm, rathkes pouch)

63
Q

Posterior pituitary gland

A

Neurohypophysis (originates from infundibulum 3rd ventricle)

64
Q

What is the SRY gene?

A

The sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (determines if the embryo/fetus is male or female)

65
Q

Gubernaculum is derived from…

A

The peritoneum

66
Q

What is cryptorchidism?

A

Failure of one or both testes to descend through the inguinal canal

67
Q

What causes freemartins?

A

Female is exposed to testosterone and anti-mullerian hormone from male

68
Q

What produces oxytocin, where is it housed and secreted?

A

The hypothalamus produces oxytocin, and the posterior pituitary stores and secretes it

69
Q

What is the hypothalami-hypophyseal portal system?

A

Prevents the pituitary from diluting GnRH

70
Q

True or false? The ovary is quiescent throughout its life and does not change much.

A

False

71
Q

What suspends the non-pregnant mammalian reproductive tract is suspended in the body?

A

Broad ligament

72
Q

If an ovary has a functioning, growing follicle present, it will not have a functioning ___ present

A

Corpus luteum

73
Q

One of the functions of a CL is to produce ___, which in turn maintains pregnancy.

A

Progesterone

74
Q

What is the most immature stage of folliculogenesis?

A

Primordial follicle

75
Q

A pre-ovulatory follicle has ___ distinct cell layers

A

3

76
Q

What are the velvety, finger-like projections on the infundibulum of the oviduct called?

A

Fimbriae

77
Q

What is the specific term for the muscular layers of the uterus?

A

Myometrium

78
Q

Which structure is carrying the “hot” blood to the testes?

A

Testicular artery

79
Q

Why would the developing spermatozoa be identified as foreign by the immune system?

A

Meiosis; do not recognize haploid cells

80
Q

Spermatozoa are ejaculated from which part of the epididymis?

A

Distal region

81
Q

Where is adenohypophysis from?

A

Rathkes pouch; originates from the roof of the embryo’s mouth

82
Q

Where is neurohypophysis from?

A

Originates from the infundibulum/brain floor

83
Q

The SRY gene is found on which chromosome?

A

The Y chromosome

84
Q

What is the name of the ligament that assists with testicular descent?

A

Gubernaculum

85
Q

Where do the oviduct, uterus, cervix, and caudal vagina develop from?

A

Paramesonephric ducts

86
Q

Function of progesterone

A

Helps with pregnancy; is produced by the CL

87
Q

What does prostaglandin do?

A

Kills the CL (Lutylase)

88
Q

What does the sella turcica do?

A

Protects both anterior and posterior pituitary glands

89
Q

What is the female’s mucus like during estrus?

A

Slimy & stringy

90
Q

What is the female’s mucus like during gestation/pregnancy?

A

Thick; keeps things out

91
Q

What is the function of the prostate gland?

A

Cleanses the urethra prior to ejaculation

92
Q

Another name for bulbourethral gland

A

Cowper’s gland

93
Q

When is testicular descent in most species?

A

2 or 3rd trimester (depends on species)

94
Q

When are you able to determine the sex of the fetus?

A

2/3 of the way through the first trimester

95
Q

What do sex cords differentiate into?

A

Primordial follicle cells

96
Q

During female differentiation, what does the bulk of the genital ridge become?

A

The ovary

97
Q

Both male and female reproductive tracts are ?

A

Retroperitoneal

98
Q

What do the gential folds become?

A

The broad ligament

99
Q

A heifer that is born with a twin bull is

A

Infertile

100
Q

Freemartin heifers are infertile because…

A

They were exposed to testosterone and anti-mullarian hormone

101
Q

If P4 concentrations are high, what structure(s) is present on the ovary?

A

CL

102
Q

True or False? The percentage of sperm cells produced that actually fertilize an ova is extremely small.

A

True

103
Q

Name a domestic animal specie that does not have a pendulous scrotum:

A

Dog

104
Q

What is NOT a male reproductive accessory gland?

A

Sweat

105
Q

List a domesticated species with a bicornuate uterus:

A

Horse/Mare

106
Q

What is follicular growth called?

A

Folliculogenesis

107
Q

What kind of cells do primordial follicles have?

A

Squamous cells

108
Q

What kind of cells do primary cells have?

A

Cuboid cells

109
Q

What is a Duplex uterus?

A

Has two cervices; Each horn is a separate compartment

110
Q

What is a Bicornuate uterus?

A

Has two uterine horns and a small body; Both internal and external uterine bifurcation

111
Q

What is a Simplex uterus?

A

A single uterine body; Almost complete fusion of paramesonephric ducts

112
Q

There is a high degree of tone when…

A

Estrogen levels are high (except in the mare)

113
Q

True or False? Ruminants have carnuncles, and the Sow and Mare do NOT have carnuncles.

A

True

114
Q

The queen’s uterus has ___, which are the sites of the previous attachment

A

Placental “scars”

115
Q

The cervix is …

A

Thick-walled & cartilaginous

116
Q

In the sow, the boar’s penis is ___ into the cervix during copulation

A

“Locked”

AN S 331 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions