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Phonological & Articulation Disorders > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

speech sound disorders

A

phonology and articulation

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2
Q

components of language

A

pragmatics
semantics
syntax
morphology
phonology

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3
Q

components of speech

A

articulation
fluency
voice

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4
Q

phonology

A

study of systems and patterns of sounds that occur in a language

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5
Q

how consonants and vowels are organized to convey meaning within a language system

A

phonology

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6
Q

phonotactics

A

the description of the allowed combinations of phonemes in a particular language

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7
Q

basic unit of phonetics

A

phone

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8
Q

[f]

A

phone

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9
Q

referred to as allophonic variations or phonetic variations; concrete

A

phone

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10
Q

basic unit within phonology

A

phoneme

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11
Q

/s/

A

phoneme

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12
Q

an abstract, linguistic unit

A

phoneme

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13
Q

the smallest unit of language to establish word meanings and distinguish between them

A

phoneme

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14
Q

difficulty in establishing the placement of the articulators or executing the motor movements needed to produce speech sounds

A

articulation disorders

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15
Q

usually described as omissions, distortions, substitutions, or additions

A

articulation disorders

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16
Q

limited to only a few sounds

A

articulation disorders

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17
Q

does not compromise intelligibility to a large extent

A

articulation disorders

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18
Q

impaired comprehension and/or use of the sound system of a language

A

phonological disorder

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19
Q

multiple sound errors

A

phonological disorders

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20
Q

significantly impair speech intelligibility

A

phonological disorder

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21
Q

consistent substitutions or distortions of the same sounds in isolation or in all phonetic contexts; typically r- and s- sounds; 12%

A

articulation disorder

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22
Q

inconsistent speech error; oromotor signs (groping); slow speech rate and disturbed prosody; short utterance length; poorer performance in imitation than spontaneous production; multiple deficits affecting phonological and phonetic planning as well as motor program implementations; rare

A

childhood apraxia of speech

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23
Q

presence of speech error patterns that are typical of younger children; stopping of fricative (tun for sun); weak syllable deletion (nana for banana); 55%

A

phonological delay

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24
Q

consistent use of one or more unusual non-developmental error patterns; backing (kop for top); initial consonant deletion (og for dog); 20%

A

consistent phonological disorders

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25
Q

multiple phonemic error forms for the same words while having no oro-motor difficulties; children perform better in imitation than spontaneous production; 20%

A

inconsistent phonological disorder

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26
Q

produced with a relatively open airway

A

sonorants

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27
Q

complete or narrow constriction between the articulators

A

obstruents

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28
Q

sonorants

A

vowels > glides > liquids > nasals

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29
Q

obstruents

A

voiced fricatives > voiceless fricatives > voiced stops > voiceless stops

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30
Q

no significant constriction of the oral/pharyngeal cavities; always voiced

A

vowels

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31
Q

four parameters of vowels

A

tongue/jaw height
tongue frontness/backness
lip roundness
tense vs. lax

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32
Q

rounded vowels

A

/u, ʊ, o, ɔ, ɚ, ɝ/
who took joes coffee & ‘er’ central vowels

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33
Q

tense vowels

A

/i, e, u, o, ɔ, ɑ, ɝ/

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34
Q

significant constriction in the oral and/or pharyngeal cavities; can be voiced or voiceless

A

consonants

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35
Q

3 parameters for consonants

A

voicing
place of articulation
manner of articulation

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36
Q

syllable structure

A

onset, rhyme (nucleus & coda)

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37
Q

narrow transcription

A

diacritics

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38
Q

articulatory variation in which the tongue approaches the upper incisors

A

dentalized

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39
Q

articulatory variation in which the tongue approaches the palate

A

palatalized

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40
Q

articulatory variation in which the airstream is released laterally

A

lateralized

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41
Q

the strong burst of breath that accompanies the release of the articulatory closure in stops (+VOT)

A

aspirated

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42
Q

maintained articulatory closure (word final position usually)

A

unreleased

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43
Q

when a normally unrounded consonant is produced with lip rounding

A

labialization

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44
Q

when enough consonants that are usually produced rounded, are produced unrounded

A

nonlabialization

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45
Q

marks the stressed syllable

A

stress

46
Q

Weak syllable deletion (potato CVCVCV to tedo CVCV)

A

unstressed syllable deletion

47
Q

doubling (bottle to baba; baby to bebe)

A

reduplication

48
Q

addition of /i/ or consonant+/i/; form of partial reduplication (horse to horsy; cup to cupy)

A

diminization

49
Q

insertion of sound, commonly a shwa between two consonants (spoon to supoon; blue to bulue)

A

epethesis

50
Q

deletion of the final single consonant or all consonants in a final cluster (shake to ska; peek to pee)

A

FCD

51
Q

deletion of the single consonant in the word initial position (team to eam; seat to eat)

A

ICD

52
Q

deletion of one or all consonants in a cluster (steak to teak)

A

cluster deletion

53
Q

not a syllable structure process (tree to twee)

A

cluster substitution

54
Q

substitution of stops for fricative and affricates (feet to peet; choke to toke)

A

stopping

55
Q

replacement of an affricate by a stop or fricative (choose to soose; jeep to deep)

A

deaffrication

56
Q

replacement of a fricative with an affricate (soap to djop)

A

affrication

57
Q

replacement of velar phonemes /k, g, ng/ by sounds that are produced in a more anterior position; usually an alveolar stop (coat to toat; gate to date)

A

velar fronting

58
Q

replacement of sounds that have an anterior point of constriction with posterior sounds (velar or glottals) (shoe to ku; dough to go; soup to houp)

A

backing

59
Q

replacement of sounds made with the lips or teeth for sounds made on the alveolar ridge (food to good; thin to tin)

A

alveolarization

60
Q

bilabial, labiodental, interdental -> alveolar sounds

A

alveolarization

61
Q

replacement of interdental or alveolar sounds with labial sound (sun to fun; thin to fin)

A

labialization

62
Q

alveolar, interdental -> labial sounds

A

labialization

63
Q

substitution of a non palatal sound for a palatal fricative/affricative (shoot to soot; chew to tew)

A

depalatilization

64
Q

addition of a palatal component to a non palatal target phoneme (sew to show; bees to beesh)

A

palatalization

65
Q

substitution of glide for a prevocalic liquid (road to woad; low to jo; glass to gwass)

A

liquid gliding

66
Q

substitution of a vowel for a syllabic liquid, nasal, or mid-central (table to tabo; bigger to bigga; apple to appo)

A

vocalization (vowelization)

67
Q

bilabial voiced stop

A

b

68
Q

bilabial voiceless stop

A

p

69
Q

alveolar voiced stop

A

d

70
Q

alveolar voiceless stop

A

t

71
Q

velar voiced stop

A

g

72
Q

velar voiced stop

A

g

73
Q

velar voiceless stop

A

k

74
Q

glottal voiceless stop

A

ʔ

75
Q

bilabial voiced nasal

A

m

76
Q

alveolar voiced nasal

A

n

77
Q

velar voiced nasal

A

ŋ

78
Q

labiodental voiced fricative

A

v

79
Q

labiodental voiceless fricative

A

f

80
Q

interdental voiced fricative

A

ð

81
Q

interdental voiceless fricative

A

θ

82
Q

alveolar voiced fricative

A

z

83
Q

alveolar voiceless fricative

A

s

84
Q

palatal voiceless fricative

A

ʃ

85
Q

glottal voiceless fricative

A

h

86
Q

palatal voiced affricate

A

dʒ

87
Q

palatal voiceless affricate

A

tʃ

88
Q

alveolar voiced liquid (approximant)

A

l

89
Q

palatal voiced liquid (approximant)

A

r

90
Q

palatal voiced glide (approximant)

A

j

91
Q

bilabial + velar voiced glide (approximant)

A

w

92
Q

language

A

phonology

93
Q

speech

A

articulation

94
Q

reflects difficulties with sound patterns and rules within a language

A

phonological disorders

95
Q

articulation & phonological disorders

A

functional disorders

96
Q

SSD risk factors

A

male gender
family hx
low maternal education
low SES
otitis media
moderate to severe hearing loss

97
Q

SSD

A

speech sound disorders

98
Q

phoneme that would most require appropriate lip structure and function

A

open o

99
Q

vowel in “straight”

A

e - mid, front, unrounded tense

100
Q

voiced palatal glide

A

j

101
Q

a mental & psychological representation of speech sounds as a unit of phonology

A

phoneme

102
Q

set of phones that are associated with the same phoneme

A

allophonic variation

103
Q

english disallows /ng/ in the onset position

A

phonotactics

104
Q

“soup” with labialized s - this is due to:

A

lip rounding following the high back vowel /u/

105
Q

air comes out through oral cavity

A

VP port closed

106
Q

cheek to [tit]

A

velar fronting (k to t) & depalatalization (ch to t)

107
Q

lady to [wedi]

A

gliding

108
Q

page to [peʒ]

A

deaffrication

109
Q

reef to [wip]

A

stopping (f to p) & gliding (r to w)

110
Q

sun to [fʌn]

A

labialization

111
Q

thin to [fɪn]

A

labialization

Phonological & Articulation Disorders (5 decks)

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