Exam 1 Flashcards
Many warning signs of possible development of ASD can development within
the first 6 & 12 months
When a child’s physical, cognitive, behavioral, or social development falls behind their peers, the child is considered to exhibit
a developmental delay
When a child’s physical, cognitive, behavioral, or social development falls behind their peers, the child is considered to exhibit
a developmental delay
A parent voices the following concerns regarding their preschool age, male child: inability to predict what will happen, emotional regulation difficulties, a recent diagnosis of anxiety, and preference for solitary activities, and only 1 friend. The child exhibits these behaviors due to:
the emotional and social effects of ASD
Risk factors associated with extremely high rate of maltreatment
social immaturity when engaging with others
lack of adequate communication skills needed to tell someone about their experience of maltreatment
over-compliant behaviors with adults they rely on to meet their basic needs
interpersonal isolation
primary deficit that may affect an individual’s social verbal and nonverbal communication. problems may be seen in the person’s pragmatics, social interaction, and social cognition. this can exist as a singular diagnosis or with other conditions and a diagnosis should be made when or after a child reaches 4-5 years of age.
social communication disorder
anxiety disorder characterized by repetitive thoughts, behaviors, and rituals
OCD
Very rare phobia that is characterized by a fear of loud sounds, particular sounds, frequencies, or voices, or a fear of one’s own voice
phonophobia
auditory abnormalities that can be seen with ASD
hypoacusis and significant hearing loss
Two months into the school year, a kindergarten teacher is concerned that one of her students has not spoken. The teacher talks to the child’s mother and finds out that the child speaks frequently at home, but has trouble speaking in public places. This child most likely has:
mutism
assessed while screening an individual for ASD
pretend play, eye gaze, orienting to one’s name
a child exhibits distinct physical characteristics, including small ears, a flat face, short neck, upward-slanting eyes, small hands, and hypotonia. this child most likely has:
down syndrome
congenital anomalies such as cardiac, digestive, musculoskeletal, and respiratory are often associated with:
down syndrome
difference between developmental disability and developmental disorder
a disability is characterized by the features of the condition following the typical developmental course but with an overall delay in progress
common therapies and behavioral interventions for ASD include:
applied behavioral analysis, naturalistic intervention, discrete trial training
often one of the most impaired areas of individuals with developmental disabilities is;
expressive language
signs and symptoms of intellectual disabilities
continued infant-like behavior
slow development of language skills
difficulty adapting to new situations
ASD is characterized by
lack of interest in social interactions
difficulty with receptive and expressive communication skills
presence of repetitive and restrictive behaviors
characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, and originates before 18 years of age
Developmental disability
Intellectual disability
individuals with ASD have difficulty with ________________ or recognizing and understanding the mental states of other people
theory of mind
signs of auditory abnormalities often found in individuals with ASD include:
hypoacusis
hyperacusis
phonophobia
50% of children with ASD are considered nonverbal with selective or elective
mutism
characteristics of SCD
deficit in the use of nonverbal and verbal communication
following the rules of communication context (i.e., turn-taking)
understanding nonliteral language (i.e., jokes)
An SLP typically assesses these areas of an individual with ASD
receptive/expressive language
literacy skills
social/conversation skills
common physical features of down syndrome
small head
flat face
upward slanting eyes
single line across the palm of the hand
individuals with down syndrome typically have speech sounds with a nasal quality. ______________ of the muscles of the soft palate can contribute to this.
hypotonicity
concerns for families of children with ASD
problems with communication
emotional expression
antisocial behaviors
form of behavior that involves the ability to express wants, needs, feelings, thoughts, knowledge, and preferences that others can understand
functional communication
ability to act as independently and responsibly as other people of the same age and cultural background
adaptive behavior
abnormal enlargement of the tongue in proportion to other structures in the mouth
macroglossia
mild language disorder effects
some effect on child’s ability to perform in social or educational situations but doesn’t prevent normal activities in school or community
moderate language disorder effects
significant degree of impairment that necessitates special accommodations for child
severe language disorder effects
difficulty to function in community and educational activities without extensive support
profound language disorder effects
little to no ability to use language to communicate and is unable to function in community and educational activities
impaired comprehension and/or use of spoken, written, and/or other symbol systems
language disorder
a slow start at language development that will eventually reach normal standards
language delay
expressive communication affected by cultural and linguistic diverse backgrounds
language difference
significant receptive and/or expressive language impairments that cannot be attributed to any general or specific cause or condition
Specific Language Impairment (SLI)
expressive language impairments
articulation & phonological problems
morphological & syntactic problems
vocabulary development & semantic problems
metalinguistic problems
pragmatic problems
receptive language impairments (language comprehension impairments)
impaired ability to understand & integrate info
difficulty understanding abstract concepts
difficulty understanding direct & indirect questions
