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Neurophysiology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the basic division of labor in NS function

A

stimulus (sensory receptors) —->
Response (effector muscles)

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2
Q

what are the principle functions of glial cells

A
  1. Provide NS structure
  2. Produce myelin
  3. Maintain extracellular fluid
  4. BBB via endothelial cells
  5. repair and regeneration (microglia)
  6. NS development
  7. NS signaling
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3
Q

how do glial cells maintain extracellular fluid

A

a. regulate conc. of major ions
b. NT reuptake

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4
Q

how do glial cells help NS development

A
  1. guide neuronal migration
  2. secreting growth factors
  3. helping with axon pathfinding
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5
Q

how do glial cells participate in NS signaling

A

a. sense neuron activity via NT receptors
b. release NT and neuromodulators
c. pass signals to other glial cells

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6
Q

What is the Reticular theory

A

NS is a syncytium
Cytoplasm of nerve cells is continuous from one nerve to the next; Info not communicated between cells; Camillo Golgi

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7
Q

What is the Neuron Doctrine

A

Distinct cells
each neuron fully surrounded by its membrane; mechanism needed for info transfer; Santiago Ramon y Cajal

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8
Q

how did the golgi stain prove the neuron doctrine to be correct

A

Stain showed spacing in between cells

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9
Q

how is the inside vs outside of a cell defined

A

lipid bilayer

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10
Q

what are the requirements for an electrode for neuron recording

A
  1. Conducting tip
  2. Tip must be small
  3. Measure Vm only at tip
  4. material must not damage membrane; membrane must seal to it
  5. electrode should be filled with conducting solution
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11
Q

why is the membrane a good capacitor

A

cell membrane separated two conducting solutions making it a capacitor and the cell membrane is extremely thin giving it high capacitance (ions are closer together)

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12
Q

why is the cell membrane a good resistor

A

internal hydrophobic environment can resist movement of chrages

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13
Q

does thickness affect capacitance

A

no, only surface area and distance between plates

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14
Q

what are the two fundamental ion properties

A
  1. Regulated gating (voltage, ligand)
  2. Selective permeability
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15
Q

what is primary protein structure

A

linear sequence

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16
Q

what is secondary protein structure

A

local, repetitive spatial arrangements

17
Q

what is tertiary protein structure

A

three dimensional of native fold

18
Q

what is quaternary protein structure

A

non covalent oligomerization of subunits into protein complexes

19
Q

what are the fundamental properties of Na(V) channels

A

gating regulated by Vm; Depolarization induces channel activation and delayed inactivation; selectively permeable to sodium ions

20
Q

What is the physiological importance of Na(V) channels

A

generate depolarizations during action potentials

21
Q

Describe sodium channels

A

permeable to sodium, AP depolarization, Excitability regulation; 1 subunit 4 domains; 6 TMR per domain; 1 p loop per domain

22
Q

describe calcium channels

A

permeable to Calcium, transmitter release, enzyme activation, muscle contraction, 1 subunit 4 domains; 6 TMR per domain; 1 p loop per domain

23
Q

describe potassium channels

A

permeable to potassium; AP repolarization, Excitability regulation; 4 subunits, 6 TMR per subunit, 1 p loop per subunit

24
Q

what is the fundamental properties of nAChRs

A

gating is regulated by binding of ligands nicotine or acetylcholine; binding required after activation; permeable to cations

25
Q

what is the physiological importance of nAChR

A

muscle nAChR mediate synaptic excitation at the NMJ; neuronal nAChR mediate synaptic excitation at some neuronal synapses

26
Q

what are the fundamental properties of iGluRs

A

gating is regulated by binding of ligands such as Glu; required for channel activation; permeable to cations; composed of 4 subunits

27
Q

what is the physiological importance of iGluRs

A

mediate vast majority of excitatory neurotransmission in vertebrates

Neurophysiology (1 decks)

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