Exam 1 Flashcards
Wolff’s Law
bones and soft tissue accommodate (grow) to the stresses and strains placed upon them
shoulder girdle bones
scapula and clavicle
sternocleimastoid insertion
mastoid process
isometric
static
no joint movement
Muscle doesn’t change in length, but create tension and contraction
Push/pull against unmovable object -> Feel tension, but no movement
Sprengel’s Deformity Etiology
failure of the scapula to descend during embryological development
head over the pelvis
- After birth, baby goes from C curve to S curve
- body wants the head over the pelvis
Subclavius Primary Function
protects sternal clavicular joint
Outward/Lateral/External rotation
rotary movement around longitudinal axis of a bone away from body’s midline
What can affect flexibility?
- exercise
- specific training
- habitual movement patterns
- age
- stability
- structure
range of motion
range of movement a joint has
posterior
behind, back, rear
Rhomboid Origin
C7 to T5 on the spinous process (medial border)
mover/agonist
- Muscle contracts concentrically for joint actions results
- When does concentric work
- Shortens to overcome a force
acromiclavicular joint ligaments
- Acromioclavicular
- Coracoclavicular
- Coracoacromial
sternocleimastoid deviation
wry neck a.k.a. Torticollis
Anterior
in front of/the front part
Subclavius Insertion
clavicle
contralateral
on the opposite side
Upward Rotation
scapula rotates in frontal plane
inferior angle moving laterally and upward
serratus anterior origin
upper 8 or 9 ribs
sternoclavicular joint ligaments
- sternoclavicular
- interclavicular
- costoclavicular
supine
body is face-upward
person lays on back
sternocleimastoid origin
sternum and clavicle
flexibility
range of motion
medial
nearer to median/midsagittal plane
related to the middle/center
internal; inward
circumduction
circular movement of a bone at joint
combo of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
Sprengel’s Deformity description
unilateral elevation of the scapula
Subclavius Origin
inferior surface of the 1st rib
Subclavius Action
- assistant mover
- abducts, shortens, pulls scapula down anteriorly
- concentric
Internal rotation
rotation medially/inward rotation/medial rotation
rotary movement around longitudinal axis of a bone toward body’s midline
pectoralis minor action
- abducts -> pulls in a downward rotation of the SG
- depresses
superior
supra
above another structure
Levator Scapula Origin
transverse processes of upper 4 cervical vertebrae (C1 to C4)
origin
structural
proximal attachment
part attached closest to midline/center of the body
Ventral
related to belly/abdomen
on/toward front
Trapezius Action
upward/downward rotation and abduction/adduction of the shoulder girdle/scapula
concentric
- Agonists overcome an external force/resistance
- muscles shorten
- acute tension
elevation
superior movement of shoulder girdle
serratus anterior action
- abducts and downward rotation
- draws scapulas inferior angle laterally and it upward rotates
Trapezius Insertion
- lateral third of clavicle
- medial border of acromion process
- scapular spine
Rhomboid Action
- oblique pulls to scapula
- fibers go to insertion
- upward/downward rotation, swings medially, scapula adducts
serratus anterior insertion
scapula (by costal surface of rib cage)
inward/medial
toward the midline
depression
inferior movement of shoulder girdle
What affects range of motion?
ligaments, tendons, flexibility, and muscle imbalance
Why are SJ flexion and abduction difficult if the trapezius is weak?
- poor rotation
- Part wants to elevate and other wants to depression -> elevation and adduction -> neutralizes
Rhomboid Insertion
scapula’s medial border near the base of the scapula’s spine
shoulder girdle movement
- depression and elevation
- upward and downward rotation
- abduction and adduction
bilateral
on right and left sides of the body/body structure
caudal
below another structure (inferior)
toward the tail
extension
forearm moves away from shoulder
elbow straightens to increase angle
shoulder joint movement
- adduction and abduction
- flexion and extension
- internal and external rotation
- circumduction
lateral
outside, farther from median/midsagittal plane
on/to the side
external; outward
Horizontal Adduction
horizontal flexion/transverse adduction
humorous/femur movement in horizontal plane toward from body’s midline
Contraction
development of tension in a muscle
type of muscle activation that contracts and creates tension
eccentric
- goes with resistance
- antagonists are overcome by external force
- muscle lengthens
Horizontal Abduction
horizontal extension/transverse abduction
humorous/femur movement in horizontal plane away from body’s midline
ipsilateral
on the same side
Levator Scapula Insertion
scapula’s medial border
What’s stability’s and mobility’s relationship?
inverse
the more stable a joint is, the less moble the bones are
What are the limits of range of motion?
Bones, ligaments, type of joint, damage, stretching, integrity, condition muscle/joint is in, etc.
Levator Scapula Action
- SG fibers concentrically contracts, pulls on scapula, and shortens -> elevates
- accromium (pulls oblique to medial border) and posterior muscles adduct
abduction
medial movement toward and/or across trunk’s midline in frontal plane
e.g., raising arm/thigh to the side away from anatomical position
pectoralis minor origin
anterior surface of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th rib
adduction
medial movement toward and/or across trunk’s midline in frontal plane
e.g., lowering arm/thigh to the side away from anatomical position
sternocleimastoid action
cervicle flexion (both sides contract)
dorsal
dorsum
related to the back or the top of the foot
being/located near, on/toward the back, posterior part, or upper surface
plantar
volar
related to the sole of the foot
Horizontal Adduction
horizontal flexion/transverse adduction
humorous/femur movement in horizontal plane towards the body’s midline
pectoralis minor respiration
3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs lift up rib cage
inspiration: increase volume and decrease pressure -> air goes into body
insertion
structural
distal attachment
part attached farthest from the midline/center of the body
origin
Functional/HIstorical
least moveable part or muscle’s attachment
Wolff’s Law and Muscles
- get adaptation and possibly interfering if only exercise 1 muscle group and not others (especially opposite)
- any muscle unopposed will shorten
Habitual behavior = muscle shortens = opposing muscle gets longer and weaker = Exercise helps fix problem
downward rotation
scapula rotates in frontal plane
inferior angle moves medially and down
prone
body is face-downward
lying on stomach
inferior
infra
below another structure
insertion
Functional/Historical
most moveable part
shoulder joint bones
scapula, clavicle, humerus
sternocleidomastoid action
cervicle flexion (both sides contract)
flexion
forearm moves toward the shoulder
elbow bends to decrease angle
Trapezius Origin
- C1 to T12 spinous process
- occipital
- neck ligament
pectoralis minor insertion
coricoid process
