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HESP 133 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Wolff’s Law

A

bones and soft tissue accommodate (grow) to the stresses and strains placed upon them

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2
Q

shoulder girdle bones

A

scapula and clavicle

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3
Q

sternocleimastoid insertion

A

mastoid process

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4
Q

isometric

static

A

no joint movement

Muscle doesn’t change in length, but create tension and contraction

Push/pull against unmovable object -> Feel tension, but no movement

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5
Q

Sprengel’s Deformity Etiology

A

failure of the scapula to descend during embryological development

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6
Q

head over the pelvis

A
  • After birth, baby goes from C curve to S curve
  • body wants the head over the pelvis
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7
Q

Subclavius Primary Function

A

protects sternal clavicular joint

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8
Q

Outward/Lateral/External rotation

A

rotary movement around longitudinal axis of a bone away from body’s midline

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9
Q

What can affect flexibility?

A
  • exercise
  • specific training
  • habitual movement patterns
  • age
  • stability
  • structure
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10
Q

range of motion

A

range of movement a joint has

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11
Q

posterior

A

behind, back, rear

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12
Q

Rhomboid Origin

A

C7 to T5 on the spinous process (medial border)

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13
Q

mover/agonist

A
  • Muscle contracts concentrically for joint actions results
  • When does concentric work
  • Shortens to overcome a force
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14
Q

acromiclavicular joint ligaments

A
  • Acromioclavicular
  • Coracoclavicular
  • Coracoacromial
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15
Q

sternocleimastoid deviation

A

wry neck a.k.a. Torticollis

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16
Q

Anterior

A

in front of/the front part

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17
Q

Subclavius Insertion

A

clavicle

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18
Q

contralateral

A

on the opposite side

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19
Q

Upward Rotation

A

scapula rotates in frontal plane
inferior angle moving laterally and upward

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20
Q

serratus anterior origin

A

upper 8 or 9 ribs

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21
Q

sternoclavicular joint ligaments

A
  • sternoclavicular
  • interclavicular
  • costoclavicular
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22
Q

supine

A

body is face-upward

person lays on back

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23
Q

sternocleimastoid origin

A

sternum and clavicle

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24
Q

flexibility

A

range of motion

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25
Q

medial

A

nearer to median/midsagittal plane

related to the middle/center
internal; inward

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26
Q

circumduction

A

circular movement of a bone at joint
combo of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

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27
Q

Sprengel’s Deformity description

A

unilateral elevation of the scapula

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28
Q

Subclavius Origin

A

inferior surface of the 1st rib

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29
Q

Subclavius Action

A
  • assistant mover
  • abducts, shortens, pulls scapula down anteriorly
  • concentric
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30
Q

Internal rotation

rotation medially/inward rotation/medial rotation

A

rotary movement around longitudinal axis of a bone toward body’s midline

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31
Q

pectoralis minor action

A
  • abducts -> pulls in a downward rotation of the SG
  • depresses
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32
Q

superior

supra

A

above another structure

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33
Q

Levator Scapula Origin

A

transverse processes of upper 4 cervical vertebrae (C1 to C4)

34
Q

origin

structural

A

proximal attachment

part attached closest to midline/center of the body

35
Q

Ventral

A

related to belly/abdomen
on/toward front

36
Q

Trapezius Action

A

upward/downward rotation and abduction/adduction of the shoulder girdle/scapula

37
Q

concentric

A
  • Agonists overcome an external force/resistance
  • muscles shorten
  • acute tension
38
Q

elevation

A

superior movement of shoulder girdle

39
Q

serratus anterior action

A
  • abducts and downward rotation
  • draws scapulas inferior angle laterally and it upward rotates
40
Q

Trapezius Insertion

A
  • lateral third of clavicle
  • medial border of acromion process
  • scapular spine
41
Q

Rhomboid Action

A
  • oblique pulls to scapula
  • fibers go to insertion
  • upward/downward rotation, swings medially, scapula adducts
42
Q

serratus anterior insertion

A

scapula (by costal surface of rib cage)

43
Q

inward/medial

A

toward the midline

44
Q

depression

A

inferior movement of shoulder girdle

45
Q

What affects range of motion?

A

ligaments, tendons, flexibility, and muscle imbalance

46
Q

Why are SJ flexion and abduction difficult if the trapezius is weak?

A
  • poor rotation
  • Part wants to elevate and other wants to depression -> elevation and adduction -> neutralizes
47
Q

Rhomboid Insertion

A

scapula’s medial border near the base of the scapula’s spine

48
Q

shoulder girdle movement

A
  • depression and elevation
  • upward and downward rotation
  • abduction and adduction
49
Q

bilateral

A

on right and left sides of the body/body structure

50
Q

caudal

A

below another structure (inferior)
toward the tail

51
Q

extension

A

forearm moves away from shoulder
elbow straightens to increase angle

52
Q

shoulder joint movement

A
  • adduction and abduction
  • flexion and extension
  • internal and external rotation
  • circumduction
53
Q

lateral

A

outside, farther from median/midsagittal plane

on/to the side
external; outward

54
Q

Horizontal Adduction

horizontal flexion/transverse adduction

A

humorous/femur movement in horizontal plane toward from body’s midline

55
Q

Contraction

A

development of tension in a muscle

type of muscle activation that contracts and creates tension

56
Q

eccentric

A
  • goes with resistance
  • antagonists are overcome by external force
  • muscle lengthens
57
Q

Horizontal Abduction

horizontal extension/transverse abduction

A

humorous/femur movement in horizontal plane away from body’s midline

58
Q

ipsilateral

A

on the same side

59
Q

Levator Scapula Insertion

A

scapula’s medial border

60
Q

What’s stability’s and mobility’s relationship?

A

inverse

the more stable a joint is, the less moble the bones are

61
Q

What are the limits of range of motion?

A

Bones, ligaments, type of joint, damage, stretching, integrity, condition muscle/joint is in, etc.

62
Q

Levator Scapula Action

A
  • SG fibers concentrically contracts, pulls on scapula, and shortens -> elevates
  • accromium (pulls oblique to medial border) and posterior muscles adduct
63
Q

abduction

A

medial movement toward and/or across trunk’s midline in frontal plane

e.g., raising arm/thigh to the side away from anatomical position

64
Q

pectoralis minor origin

A

anterior surface of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th rib

65
Q

adduction

A

medial movement toward and/or across trunk’s midline in frontal plane

e.g., lowering arm/thigh to the side away from anatomical position

66
Q

sternocleimastoid action

A

cervicle flexion (both sides contract)

67
Q

dorsal

dorsum

A

related to the back or the top of the foot

being/located near, on/toward the back, posterior part, or upper surface

68
Q

plantar

volar

A

related to the sole of the foot

69
Q

Horizontal Adduction

horizontal flexion/transverse adduction

A

humorous/femur movement in horizontal plane towards the body’s midline

70
Q

pectoralis minor respiration

A

3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs lift up rib cage
inspiration: increase volume and decrease pressure -> air goes into body

71
Q

insertion

structural

A

distal attachment

part attached farthest from the midline/center of the body

72
Q

origin

Functional/HIstorical

A

least moveable part or muscle’s attachment

73
Q

Wolff’s Law and Muscles

A
  • get adaptation and possibly interfering if only exercise 1 muscle group and not others (especially opposite)
  • any muscle unopposed will shorten

Habitual behavior = muscle shortens = opposing muscle gets longer and weaker = Exercise helps fix problem

74
Q

downward rotation

A

scapula rotates in frontal plane
inferior angle moves medially and down

75
Q

prone

A

body is face-downward

lying on stomach

76
Q

inferior

infra

A

below another structure

77
Q

insertion

Functional/Historical

A

most moveable part

78
Q

shoulder joint bones

A

scapula, clavicle, humerus

79
Q

sternocleidomastoid action

A

cervicle flexion (both sides contract)

80
Q

flexion

A

forearm moves toward the shoulder
elbow bends to decrease angle

81
Q

Trapezius Origin

A
  • C1 to T12 spinous process
  • occipital
  • neck ligament
82
Q

pectoralis minor insertion

A

coricoid process

HESP 133 (2 decks)

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