Exam 1 Flashcards
terrorism
is a social construct and not a physical entity
terrorism
is defined within social and political contexts. it means different things in different time periods
the Enlightenment
provided the intellectual climate to support modern democracy.
____ is a product of the class-based revolution in France
terrorism
socialism
refers to controlling an economy by direct democracy and utilizing economic profits to ensure the well-being of citizens
anarchism
is a philosophical concept originating in ancient Greece.
Irish Republican Brotherhood
adopted tactics of the 1848 revolutionaries, waging a campaign of terror that culminated in the Black and Tan War
selective terrorism
term used by Michael Collins. wanted to target specific govt officials and supporters
social construct
no set definition. ex: terrorism is defined by different people in shifting social and political relaities
Reign of terror
Edmund Burke used the term terrorism to describe the actions of the revolutionary government
a social activity organized by groups of people who define social reality and either sustain or change their beliefs
terrorism
meaning framework
social scientists study group behavior by looking at the meaning of acitons. when this method is used tos tudy terrorist groups it is called meaning framework
structural framework
the approach to understandng terrorist behavior by looking at the way organizations function
netwar
sub national criminal, terorist, or revolutionary groups organize themselves in a network of smaller logistical structures, groups, or command posts.
violent radicalization
changes ones socially acceptably behavior into violent terrorism
alienation
a process by which an individual or group becomes separated from the values, norms and morals of the dominant social world
Researchers who believe that modern terrorism has been changed by ___ look for meanings behind actions
religion
do terrorists believe they are justified in their behavior?
yes
guerilla warfare
popularized by cuban revolution
what is a social process?
terrorism
are the actions of criminals and terrorists the same?
no. criminals tend to be unfocused andnot dedicated to a cause. terrorists are focused and dedicated
can terrorist behavior be profiled?
some say no because if fluctuates with historical, political, and social circumstances. others think it is possible if social factors are matched to a behavioral profile
terrorist organizations are organized in ___?
pyramids
pyramid
from top to bottom:
command
active cadre
active supporters
passive supporters
umbrella organization
several small organizations gather under a sheltering group that manages supplies, obtains resources, creates support structures, and gathers intelligence
hawala system
primarily used in pakistan and india. legitimate means of transferring moneh without using money or moving actual funds across international borders, altjogh it may violate currency transfer regulations in some countries
terrorists organizations are
hampered because of their secrecy
all terrorist groups require ___
funding
rural terrorism is associated with
anticolonial guerilla war
urban terrorism emerged from
ideological terrorism
insurgent terrorism combiens
anticolonial guerilla war, ideological terrorism and associates them with networks, technology, and globalization
media affects terrorism
what shapes the way in which we view terrorism
tv and other media
terrorists and security forces seeek to manipulate what?
the media
6 tactics of terrorism
bombing, hijacking, arson, assault, kidnapping, and hostage taking
force multipliers
increases striking power without increasingthe strength of a unit
racial terrorism
involves groups from a dominant race violently intimidating racial minorities to keep them from achieving higher social standing and political power
cyberterrorism
the use of computers to attack technological targets or physical attacks on computer networks
HEU
highly enriched uranium , used in dirty bombs
nuclear black market
does not exist
examples of force multipliers
technology, transnational support, media coverage, and religious fanaticism
ethnic and separatists movements involve attempts to gain what?
full or partial independence
modern terrorism in ireland grew from
dissatisfaction with catholic emancipation from the north
unionist terror came in 3 forms
1) repression 2) vengeance 3) revolutionary violence
Basques
their region has existed for at least 3,000 years, ethnic basques have never fully embraced spanish culture, they have their own mythology, literary, tradition, culture, and language
who sought to eradicate the basques
franco
when did sri lanka gain independence
1948
blind terrorism
violence designed to show that the french system could not control the social environment
what two countries became the forerunners in urban ideological terrorism
cyprus and algeria
breakaway states
cause political instability
turkey has experienced several forms of terrorism
some based on religion, others poliical.
uigars
ethic turkmen in china
endemic terrorism
results from european imperialism and the creation of artificial national boundaries that link unrelated tribal and ethnic groups
muslim brotherhood
an organization that sought to create a single muslim nation through education and religious reform
balfour declaration
in november 1917, promised to create the state of israel
six day war
israel defeated arab armies in 6 days
terrorism in the middle east is a result of
historical process
middle east
cultural concept not actual geographical pllace
islam
one of the worlds great monotheistic religions
islam has many different divisions
the two main ones are shi’ites and sunnis, initially split over leadership of muslim party
