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World Geography > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

definition of geography

A

the study of earth and the ways human beings interact with it and on it

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2
Q

where does the term geography come from

A

the greek word, “earth description”

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3
Q

whats the spatial perspective

A

space and place matter!

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4
Q

definition of space

A

a definable area on earth

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5
Q

definition of place

A

a specific space to which humans have imparted meaning

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6
Q

what is key in geography

A

loacation

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7
Q

what do geographers study

A

people and events with the element of location

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8
Q

what two ways do geographers use discipline

A

systematically and regionally

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9
Q

what does systematic geographers study

A

they focus on themes and topics

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10
Q

what do environmental geographers study

A

natural and water resources environmental conservation climates and climate change hazards and disasters

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11
Q

what do human geographers study

A

politics, human rights, international relations, people, cultures, and society, historical geography, economics and development

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12
Q

what are some GIScience techniques

A

maps and mapping (cartography), GIS ( geographic information systems), satellite remote sensing, GPS ( global positioning system)

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13
Q

what are the main systematic divisions

A

environmental and human geography

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14
Q

what is environmental geography

A

study of the earth

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15
Q

what is human geograpahy

A

study of human beings on earth

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16
Q

what is GIScience

A

modern, technologically driven techniques that geographers use to study environmental and human geography

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17
Q

definition of globalization

A

the interconnectedness of people and places through the converging processes of economic, political, and cultural changes

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18
Q

what is the oldest concept in geography

A

human/environment interaction

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19
Q

what are regions

A

areas of spatial similarity, transition zones

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20
Q

definition of scale

A

dimensions of an area of study

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21
Q

what does landscape refer to

A

human-modified environment

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22
Q

RNI

A

number of births minus deaths

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23
Q

CBR

A

number of births divided by population

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24
Q

CDR

A

number of deaths divided by total population

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25
Q

TFR

A

number of children born by women statistically

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26
Q

how many people live as migrants

A

230 million people

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27
Q

why do countries grow and decline

A

migration

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28
Q

whats immigration

A

migration into a country

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29
Q

whats emigration

A

migration out of a country

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30
Q

what are some pull factors

A

refugee camps, better economic opportunity, abundant food or water

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31
Q

what is a push factor

A

pushing people to leave at the same time a pull factor is attracting them

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32
Q

what is the purpose of a population pyramid

A

used to examine a county’s population structure

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33
Q

what does a wide base, narrow top on a population pyramid show

A

that the population is fast growing

34
Q

what does a barrel shape population pyramid show

A

that the population is slowly growing

35
Q

what does a narrow base, narrow top and bulging middle on a population pyramid show

A

that there is negative growth

36
Q

what stage of demographic transition is there a low total population

A

preindustrial stage (stage 1)

37
Q

what stage of demographic transition is modern medicine and sanitation introduced

A

stage two: transitional

38
Q

what stage of demographic transition do the death rates fall and the birth rate is high

A

stage two: transitional

39
Q

what stage of demographic transition does the birth rate match the death rate

A

stage three: transitional

40
Q

what stage of demographic transition is there low death rate and low birth rate

A

stage four: industrial

41
Q

what stage of demographic transition is there a population decline

A

stage five: postindustrial

42
Q

what stage is the USA

A

stage four

43
Q

what stage is germany

A

stage five

44
Q

what is culture

A

it’s learned, and shared. it is shared by a common group of people. culture is dynamic and is constantly changing

45
Q

what are abstract dimensions

A

values, language, manners, etc

46
Q

what are material dimensions

A

clothing, food, housing, etc

47
Q

what is folk culture

A

largely rural, changed slowly, no formal musical education

48
Q

what is ethnic culture

A

strong sense of tradition

49
Q

what is popular culture

A

urban-based culture, constantly changing

50
Q

what is world culture

A

international politics, large multinational corporations
ex: McDonalds, smartphones

51
Q

geopolitics

A

describes and explains the close link between geography and political activity

52
Q

what does geopolitics focus on

A

the interaction between power, territory, and space, all at scales

53
Q

what is a nation

A

a large group of people who share numerous cultural elements

54
Q

what is a state

A

a political entity with territorial boundaries recognized by other countries and internally governed by an organizational structure

55
Q

whats a nation state

A

the homogenous cultural group which has its own political territory or country
ex: Japan, South Korea

56
Q

whats a stateless nation

A

homogenous cultural group which does not have its own political territory or country
ex: the Kurds, the Palestinians

57
Q

what is a multinational state

A

countries(states) with many individual homogenous cultural groups living inside
ex: USA, African countries

58
Q

what is colonialism

A

the formal establishment of government rule over a foreign population

59
Q

what is decolonialism

A

the process of a colony gaining (or regaining) control over its territory and establishing a separate, independent government

60
Q

what is neocolonialism

A

economic and political strategies by which powerful states indirectly (and sometimes directly) extend their influence over other, weaker states

61
Q

when was the peak of colonialism

A

before the outbreak of world war one

62
Q

what does first world refer to

A

the united states and all of their democratic/ capitalistic allies

63
Q

who are the wealthiest countries on the globe

A

the “first world”

64
Q

what does the second world refer to

A

the soviet union (USSR) and all their dictatorship/communist allies

65
Q

who are middle class people known as

A

“second world”

66
Q

who does the “third world” refer to

A

leftover countries other than USA and USSR allies

67
Q

who are known as the poorest countires

A

“third world”

68
Q

what is development

A

structural changes in an economy and use of labor, capitol, and technology, usually leading to improvements

69
Q

what is growth

A

increase in the size of the system

70
Q

GDP

A

gross domestic product: total value of all goods and services produced within that country

71
Q

GNI

A

gross national income
ex: the value of all cars produced by ford in the U.S. as well as the value of fords outside the U.S.

72
Q

GNI per capita

A

GNI divided by total population

73
Q

definition of life expectancy

A

average length of life expected at birth

74
Q

what is adult literacy rate

A

percent of adults who can read or write

75
Q

what does earth consist of

A

core, mantle, and crust

76
Q

whats the core consist of

A

nickel and iron; the center of the core is solid, the outer core is molten liquid

77
Q

whats the mantle consist of

A

solid rock

78
Q

what is earths crust made of

A

solid, cooled rock

79
Q

what are the two types of crust

A

oceanic and continental

80
Q

which crust is more dense

A

oceanic

World Geography (3 decks)

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