EXAM 1 Flashcards
particles must what to in order to react?
Collide
what causes a greater reaction rate?
high concentration of reactants; the high concentration allows for high number of collisions; also energy because more energy, more collisions
What causes the reaction rate?
physical state of reactants
what is collision theory?
particles most collide in order to react
the number of collations depends on what ?
the product of the number of reactant particles,
in order to be effective, collisions between particles must what?
exceed a certain energy threshold
when particles collide effectively, they reach what?
an activated state
what is activation energy?
the energy difference between the reactants and the activated state
what are the two things particles need to be effective?
energy & relative orientation
what does an effective collision of pa articles lead to?
transition state or activated complex
what is the transition state?
unstable species that contains partial bonds, a pathway between reactants and products, cannot be isolated
what is molecularity?
the number of particles involved in the reaction
what is a catalyst?
a substance that increases the reaction rate without being consumed in the reaction
what does a catalyst provide?
an alternative reaction pathway that has a lower total activation energy.
what does a catalyst do?
it speeds up both forward and reverse reactions but does not the overall yield of the reaction ``
Why are chemical equilibriums a dynamic state?
because they continue to occur at the same rate with no net change
what does k reflect?
a ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations, it indicate an extent of how far a reactions proceeds towards it products
what does a small value of K rule in favor?
the reactants
what does a large value of K rule in favor?
the products
Q < K
reactants must decrease and the products increase ( reactants to products until equilibrium)
Q > K
the reactants increase and the products decrease ( products to reactants for equlibirum)
how does a system respond to a disturbance?
a shift in equilibrium position
what does a shift to the left mean?
net reaction from product to reactant
what does a shift to the right mean?
net reaction from reactant to product
