Exam 1

Question 1

maturation

Answer 1

progress toward physical maturity
development continues after physical maturity is reached
Changes in function of organs

Question 2

Constraints

Answer 2

characteristics individuals environment and task that encourages movement but discourages others

Question 3

Individual Constraints (structural)

Answer 3

relative to individuals body structure
Ex: height, weight, leg length, muscle mass (long period of time)

Question 4

Individual Constraints (functional)

Answer 4

relative to behavioral function
Ex: motivation, fear, experience, attentional focus (short period)

Question 5

Motor Control

Answer 5

nervous system control of muscles that permits skills and coordination in movement (functional)

Question 6

Atypical development

Answer 6

focus on delayed and different development in individuals with disabilities

Question 7

development trajectory

Answer 7

course of behavior over age or time

Question 8

arrested development

Answer 8

failure to develop beyond particular point of development

Question 9

sequential/mixed longitudinal study

Answer 9

several age groups at one time or over shorter time

Question 10

Maturational Perspective

Answer 10

development change as a function of maturational process through CNS that controls and dictates motor development
internal and innate
biological not environmental

Question 11

Arnold Gesell (1930’s)

Answer 11

Part of the co twin study, where he used twin to test effects of environment and hereditary, such that one twin received special training and other did not

He believed the biological process (genetics and hereditary) are the main driver of human motor development and not the environment

Question 12

Informational Processing Perspective

Answer 12

focuses on behavioral or environmental causes of development like Bandura and Skinner
such that our brain acts like a computer, taking in information processing it and outputting information as in a motor movement.

Question 13

Perceptual-motor development

Answer 13

motor development result of some external environment : perception of stimuli

Question 14

Dynamical System Approach

Answer 14

motor control and coordination
movement of behaviors emerge spontaneous, self organized, and of many cooperating body systems (flexible)

Question 15

Rate limiting

Answer 15

system that develops last during growth period and limits development

Question 16

Rate-controlling

Answer 16

system that declines first during aging and accelerates change

Question 17

Affordance (Gibson)

Answer 17

properties of an object or of the environment that offer opportunities for action
Ex: looking at a horizontal flat surface… an area where you can sit down

Question 18

Biomechanics

Answer 18

mechanics of muscle activity
mechanical methods used to study structure and function of biological systems

Question 19

developmental biomechanics

Answer 19

study of effects of forces (biomechanics) not he musculoskeletal system during the entire life span

Question 20

Newtons First Law of Motion

Answer 20

an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion until acted upon by a force

Question 21

inertia

Answer 21

resistance to motion related to mass
more mass= greater resistance to motion

Question 22

momentum

Answer 22

product of mass and velocity
more mass, larger prolonged force to move an to stop

Question 23

Personal limits

Answer 23

individual constraints through injury or disability such that range of motion or stabile-balance is off

Question 24

Newtons Second Law of Motion

Answer 24

the acceleration of a person or object is proportional to the force applied to it and inversely proportional to its mass
If you exert force on an object, it will accelerate in the direction of the force

Question 25

force

Answer 25

product of mass and acceleration

Question 26

Newtons Third Law of Motion

Answer 26

to every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
when you push something it pushes back on you

Question 27

directional force

Answer 27

in what direction force is applied
equal and opposite force

Question 28

linear velocity

Answer 28

product of rotational velocity and radius of rotation
increase rotational velocity =swing it faster
increase relative length = fully extend it at release or contact

Question 29

Force absorption

Answer 29

to decrease the impact of a reaction force
1. increase amount f time in which impact occurs
2. increase area of contact over which the impact occurs

Question 30

stability

Answer 30

ability to resist movement
increase= increase base of support, lower center of gravity, keep line of gravity within the base support

Question 31

balance

Answer 31

ability to maintain equilibrium (hold a posture)
1. base of support
2. center of mass
3. line of gravity passes through center of mass
increase= increasing stability, improve strength, coordination, and proprioception

Question 32

stability-mobility trade off

Answer 32

walking

Question 33

Open kinetic Chain

Answer 33

parts of the body that act as a system of chains linked to transfer energy
connects adjacent joints and muscles through out your body

Question 34

Normative Descriptive Period

Answer 34

focused on the products (scores or outcomes) than the process of development

Question 35

Bio mechanical descriptive period

Answer 35

making bio mechanical descriptions of movement patterns in children used in performing fundamental skills like jumping