Exam 1

Question 1

Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe a function of blood?

a. transport of nutrients to tissues
b. transport of materials to be recycled in erythropoiesis
c. absorption of acids and bases from body cells to help maintain body PH
d. all of the above are functions of blood

Answer 1

b. transport of materials to be recycled in erythropoiesis

Question 2

When looking at the general properties of blood in the average adult which of the following is true?

a. oxygenated blood appears red in color and deoxygenated blood appears blue in color
b. the average amount of blood in an adult in an adult is ~5 liters with a range of 4-6 liters
c. blood is less viscous than water
d. all of the above are true
e. both a and b are true

Answer 2

b. the average amount of blood in an adult in an adult is ~5 liters with a range of 4-6 liters

Question 3

What is the cardiovascular system comprised of?

Answer 3

heart, blood vessels, and blood

Question 4

What are the functions of blood?

Answer 4

a. transport of nutrients, heat, waste products, and hormones
b. regulation of body temp (works with integumentary system)
c. fluid balance
d. acid/base- pH balance (works with urinary and respiratory system)
e. protection

Question 5

What is the color of oxygenated blood?

Answer 5

bright red

Question 6

What is the color of deoxygenated blood?

Answer 6

dark red

Question 7

What is the average volume of blood in humans and in men and women

Answer 7

avg:~5 liters
men: 5.5L
women: 4.5L

Question 8

What happens to viscosity when one is dehydrated?

Answer 8

increases

Question 9

What are the components of plasma?

Answer 9

a. dissolved solutes (electrolytes, gases, and nutrients)
b. solvent- 92%
c. proteins- also make a colloid solutions

Question 10

What are the proteins found in plasma?

Answer 10

a. albumins- 58%
b. globulins-37%
c. fibrinogen-4%
d. regulatory proteins

Question 11

What is hemocrit?

Answer 11

packed cell volume/PCV, % volume of formed elements

Question 12

Where are most plasma proteins?

Answer 12

liver

Question 13

What is albumin?

Answer 13

the most numerous plasma protein, largest contributor to colloid osmotic pressure

Question 14

What are globulins?

Answer 14

• alpha and beta globulins act as transporters for water-insoluble molecules
• gamma globulins (include antibodies/immuno globins

Question 15

What is fibrinogen?

Answer 15

insoluble protein involved in blotting clotting plasma

Question 16

What is hemopoiesis?

Answer 16

production of formed elements (WBC, RBC, and platelets)

Question 17

Where does hemeopoiesis take place

Answer 17

bone marrow

Question 18

What do WBC and platelets depend on to grow?

Answer 18

growth factors

Question 19

What do RBC depend on to grow?

Answer 19

growth factors/ hormone dependent

Question 20

What is the lymphoid line?

Answer 20

A developmental line that give rise to lymphocytes

Question 21

What is the myeloid line?

Answer 21

developmental line that gives rise to RBC, megakaryocytes/thrombocytes, and leukocytes

Question 22

Multi-colony- stimulating factor

Answer 22

increases formation of erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets

Question 23

GM-CSF

Answer 23

granulocytes and monocytes

Question 24

G-CSF

Answer 24

granulocytres

Question 25

M-CSF

Answer 25

monocytes

Question 26

Thrombopoietin

Answer 26

megakaryocytes (plates), hormone produced in the liver

Question 27

Erythropoietin

Answer 27

produces RBC, hormone produced in the kidneys

Question 28

Describe the steps to making an RBC

Answer 28

1. myeloid stem cell+ Multi CSF+ EPO= proerythroblast 2. proerythroblast- early erythroblast- late erthroblast (hemoglobin production begins here) 3. late erythroblast- normoblast (loses nucleus) 4. normoblast- reticulocyte (loses organelles except ribosome) 5. reticulocyte eneter circulation 6. reticulocyte- erythrocyte (ribosomes are lost)

Question 29

What are two dietary needed that are dependent of EPO production?

Answer 29

Vitamin B12 and iron

Question 30

What do lymphoblasts differentiate into

Answer 30

B and T lymphocytes

Question 31

What are some advantages to the biconcave shape of an RBC?

Answer 31

1. flexibility to fit through narrow capillaries 2. rapid gas exchange 3. ability to stack (roleau) in capillaries

Question 32

Where do does hemoglobin bind to on an RBC?

Answer 32

1. one Hb binds 1 O2 molecule at heme group 2. one HB is bound to O2- oxyhemoglobin 3. Hb w/o O2- deoxyhemoglonbin 4. Hb bound to CO2, carbaminohemoglobin

Question 33

What feedback system foes erythropoiesis use?

Answer 33

negative feedback, a decrease in PO2 stimulated the kidneys

Question 34

What is EPO used to treat?

Answer 34

-anemia -renal failure - chemotherapy - HIV - chronic kindney disease

Question 35

What is blood doping?

Answer 35

used to gain a competitive edge during a contest - athlete donates a pint or two of his blood - blood is placed in a scentrifuge - RBC land at the bottom of the centrifuge - the liquid plasma is reinjected into the athlete - the RBC are stored - a day before the competition, the RBC are re-injected into the athlete enabling the blood to carry more oxygen

Question 36

What is the lifespan of an erythrocyte?

Answer 36

~120 days in circulation

Question 37

How is one's blood type determined?

Answer 37

blood type is determined by the cell surfave antigen and the corresponding circulating antibodies

Question 38

Type A blood type

Answer 38

A surface antigens, and anti-B antibodies

Question 39

Type B blood type

Answer 39

B surface antigens, and anti-A antibodies

Question 40

Type AB blood

Answer 40

A and B antigens, no antibodies

Question 41

Type O blood

Answer 41

no surface antigens, anti-A and B antibodies

Question 42

When do blood transfusion problems arise?

Answer 42

donor antigens react with recipient antibodies

Question 43

What are leukocytes?

Answer 43

take part in body's defenses and protect us against various pathogen

Question 44

What is diapedesis?

Answer 44

WBC can actively cross into tissues via recognition of chemical signals in tissues indicating infection

Question 45

List leukocytes with granules

Answer 45

neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

Question 46

List leukocytes WITHOUT granules

Answer 46

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 47

What are neutrophils?

Answer 47

granulocytes, most numerous, and fight bacterial infections

Question 48

What are eosinophils?

Answer 48

1-4% of WBC, active in parasitic infection and antibody-mediated immune responses, bilobed nucleus

Question 49

What are basophils?

Answer 49

least numerous of WBC, mediate inflammatory response via release of histamine (vasodilation) and heparin (anti-coagulant)