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MCB 246 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe a function of blood?

a. transport of nutrients to tissues
b. transport of materials to be recycled in erythropoiesis
c. absorption of acids and bases from body cells to help maintain body PH
d. all of the above are functions of blood

A

b. transport of materials to be recycled in erythropoiesis

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2
Q

When looking at the general properties of blood in the average adult which of the following is true?

a. oxygenated blood appears red in color and deoxygenated blood appears blue in color
b. the average amount of blood in an adult in an adult is ~5 liters with a range of 4-6 liters
c. blood is less viscous than water
d. all of the above are true
e. both a and b are true

A

b. the average amount of blood in an adult in an adult is ~5 liters with a range of 4-6 liters

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3
Q

What is the cardiovascular system comprised of?

A

heart, blood vessels, and blood

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4
Q

What are the functions of blood?

A

a. transport of nutrients, heat, waste products, and hormones
b. regulation of body temp (works with integumentary system)
c. fluid balance
d. acid/base- pH balance (works with urinary and respiratory system)
e. protection

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5
Q

What is the color of oxygenated blood?

A

bright red

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6
Q

What is the color of deoxygenated blood?

A

dark red

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7
Q

What is the average volume of blood in humans and in men and women

A

avg:~5 liters
men: 5.5L
women: 4.5L

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8
Q

What happens to viscosity when one is dehydrated?

A

increases

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9
Q

What are the components of plasma?

A

a. dissolved solutes (electrolytes, gases, and nutrients)
b. solvent- 92%
c. proteins- also make a colloid solutions

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10
Q

What are the proteins found in plasma?

A

a. albumins- 58%
b. globulins-37%
c. fibrinogen-4%
d. regulatory proteins

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11
Q

What is hemocrit?

A

packed cell volume/PCV, % volume of formed elements

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12
Q

Where are most plasma proteins?

A

liver

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13
Q

What is albumin?

A

the most numerous plasma protein, largest contributor to colloid osmotic pressure

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14
Q

What are globulins?

A
  • alpha and beta globulins act as transporters for water-insoluble molecules
  • gamma globulins (include antibodies/immuno globins
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15
Q

What is fibrinogen?

A

insoluble protein involved in blotting clotting plasma

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16
Q

What is hemopoiesis?

A

production of formed elements (WBC, RBC, and platelets)

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17
Q

Where does hemeopoiesis take place

A

bone marrow

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18
Q

What do WBC and platelets depend on to grow?

A

growth factors

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19
Q

What do RBC depend on to grow?

A

growth factors/ hormone dependent

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20
Q

What is the lymphoid line?

A

A developmental line that give rise to lymphocytes

21
Q

What is the myeloid line?

A

developmental line that gives rise to RBC, megakaryocytes/thrombocytes, and leukocytes

22
Q

Multi-colony- stimulating factor

A

increases formation of erythrocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, and platelets

23
Q

GM-CSF

A

granulocytes and monocytes

24
Q

G-CSF

A

granulocytres

25
Q

M-CSF

A

monocytes

26
Q

Thrombopoietin

A

megakaryocytes (plates), hormone produced in the liver

27
Q

Erythropoietin

A

produces RBC, hormone produced in the kidneys

28
Q

Describe the steps to making an RBC

A
  1. myeloid stem cell+ Multi CSF+ EPO= proerythroblast
  2. proerythroblast- early erythroblast- late erthroblast (hemoglobin production begins here)
  3. late erythroblast- normoblast (loses nucleus)
  4. normoblast- reticulocyte (loses organelles except ribosome)
  5. reticulocyte eneter circulation
  6. reticulocyte- erythrocyte (ribosomes are lost)
29
Q

What are two dietary needed that are dependent of EPO production?

A

Vitamin B12 and iron

30
Q

What do lymphoblasts differentiate into

A

B and T lymphocytes

31
Q

What are some advantages to the biconcave shape of an RBC?

A
  1. flexibility to fit through narrow capillaries
  2. rapid gas exchange
  3. ability to stack (roleau) in capillaries
32
Q

Where do does hemoglobin bind to on an RBC?

A
  1. one Hb binds 1 O2 molecule at heme group
  2. one HB is bound to O2- oxyhemoglobin
  3. Hb w/o O2- deoxyhemoglonbin
  4. Hb bound to CO2, carbaminohemoglobin
33
Q

What feedback system foes erythropoiesis use?

A

negative feedback, a decrease in PO2 stimulated the kidneys

34
Q

What is EPO used to treat?

A

-anemia
-renal failure
- chemotherapy
- HIV
- chronic kindney disease

35
Q

What is blood doping?

A

used to gain a competitive edge during a contest
- athlete donates a pint or two of his blood
- blood is placed in a scentrifuge
- RBC land at the bottom of the centrifuge
- the liquid plasma is reinjected into the athlete
- the RBC are stored
- a day before the competition, the RBC are re-injected into the athlete enabling the blood to carry more oxygen

36
Q

What is the lifespan of an erythrocyte?

A

~120 days in circulation

37
Q

How is one’s blood type determined?

A

blood type is determined by the cell surfave antigen and the corresponding circulating antibodies

38
Q

Type A blood type

A

A surface antigens, and anti-B antibodies

39
Q

Type B blood type

A

B surface antigens, and anti-A antibodies

40
Q

Type AB blood

A

A and B antigens, no antibodies

41
Q

Type O blood

A

no surface antigens, anti-A and B antibodies

42
Q

When do blood transfusion problems arise?

A

donor antigens react with recipient antibodies

43
Q

What are leukocytes?

A

take part in body’s defenses and protect us against various pathogen

44
Q

What is diapedesis?

A

WBC can actively cross into tissues via recognition of chemical signals in tissues indicating infection

45
Q

List leukocytes with granules

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

46
Q

List leukocytes WITHOUT granules

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

47
Q

What are neutrophils?

A

granulocytes, most numerous, and fight bacterial infections

48
Q

What are eosinophils?

A

1-4% of WBC, active in parasitic infection and antibody-mediated immune responses, bilobed nucleus

49
Q

What are basophils?

A

least numerous of WBC, mediate inflammatory response via release of histamine (vasodilation) and heparin (anti-coagulant)

MCB 246 (2 decks)

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