Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Public Health > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of public health

A

Science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized efforts and informed choices of society, orgs, public and private communities and individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 challenges of 21st century

A

Pandemic
Opioids
Antibiotic resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 pillars of population health

A

Public health
Health care
Public policy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

10 great public health achievements (1900-1999)

A
  1. Vaccinations
  2. Safer workplaces
  3. Safer and healthier food
  4. Motor vehicle safety
  5. Control of infectious diseases
  6. Decline in deaths from coronary heart disease and stroke
  7. Family planning
  8. Recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard
  9. Healthier mothers and babies
  10. Fluoridation of drinking water
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

4 steps in public health approach

A
  1. Surveillance - what is the problem
  2. Risk factor identification - what is the cause
  3. Intervention/evaluation - what works
  4. Implementation - how do you do it
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

5 core sciences of public health

A
  1. Prevention effectiveness
  2. Epidemiology
  3. Laboratory
  4. Informatics
  5. Surveillance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Three core functions of public health

A

Assessment
Policy development
Assurance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does assurance mean

A

Ensure provision of services to those in need

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

6 basic obligations of public health and examples

A
  1. Prevent epidemics and spread of disease (handwashing)
  2. Protect against environmental hazards (clean water)
  3. Prevent injuries (wheelchair ramp)
  4. Promote and encourage healthy behaviors (promote diet and exercise to reduce CV disease)
  5. Respond to disasters and assist communities in recovery (hurricanes)
  6. Assure the quality and accessibility of health services (rural medicine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Responsibility of federal public health

A
  • ensure all levels of gov have capabilities to provide essential PH services
  • acts when threats span more than one state or region or entire nation
  • act to assist states when they lack expertise or resources
  • facilitate formulation of PH goals, policies, standards in collaboration with state and local govs
  • contribute operational and financial resources, research, higher ed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What makes up the US dept of HHS? (7)

A

CMS
CDC
Health Resources and Service Admin (HRSA)
FDA
IHS
NIH
SAMSHA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Responsibilities of the states

A
  • Administration of Medicaid
  • assistance, support for local health depts
  • women, infants and children (WIC) program
  • oversee CHIP
  • establishes public health policies
  • reports notifiable communicable diseases to CDC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Local health dept responsibilities

A
  • identify and intervene to meet health needs of local community
  • work closely with local officials, businesses, stakeholders
  • report notifiable communicable diseases to state dept of health
  • nurses at community level - roles include caregiver, advocate, teacher, coordinator, and consultant
  • funded through local taxes with support from federal and state funds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Top 3 most common local health dept activities

A
  1. Adult immunization
  2. Communicable/ infectious disease surveillance
  3. Child immunization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 early examples of public health nursing in US

A
  1. Henry street settlement
  2. Visiting nurse services of NY
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

6 PH applications right now

A
  1. Need for care of population - shift out of hospital
  2. School nurses
  3. Acute setting - PPE, discharge planning
  4. Program planning for health prevention
  5. Cultural humility
  6. Advocacy and policy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Quad council

A

Alliance of nurses for health environment (AHNE)
Association of public health nurses (APHN)
American public health association - PH nursing section (APHA - PHN)
Association of community health nursing educators (ACHNE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

4 characteristics of population based nursing care

A
  1. Focus on population
  2. Interventions based on assessment
  3. Includes all levels of prevention
  4. Includes all levels of practice (patient/family, community, system)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Primary prevention definition and example

A

Before (upstream)
Ex: anti violence campaigns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Secondary prevention definition and example

A

Early diagnosis and tx (midstream), includes all screenings
Ex: screening programs, addressing risk factors such as alcohol use, referrals to legal services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Tertiary prevention definition and example

A

Improving and recovery (downstream)
Ex: mental health tx and support, safe houses and legal advocacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Population health

A

Initiatives that extend beyond an individual and beyond a Clincial care system with a focus on addressing health differences and social issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Population health mgmt

A

Individual covered in health care insurance plan or healthcare organization

24
Q

Which prevention level is the focus for home visits

A

Primary

25
Q

How are home visits started?

A

Referrals form other agencies, self referrals
Physician order not required
Should always conduct a preliminary assessment before visit

26
Q

What is the nurse family partnership

A

RCTs in 3 cities + prospective study on the long term outcomes for mothers and nurses in these trials
Partners low income at risk 1st time mothers with a BSN prepared nurse - makes 64 visits and goal is to improve lives of children
Life coaching to mother and family

27
Q

3 Goals / objectives of nurse-family partnership program

A

Parent’s economic self sufficiency
Improved pregnancy outcomes through improved prenatal health
Improved health care

28
Q

6 outcomes of nurse family partnerships

A

Increase maternal employment
Improved prenatal health
Increase intervals b/w births
Improved parenting skills
Decreased childhood injuries
Improved school readiness

29
Q

What are social determinants of health

A

Conditions in the places where people live, learn, work, play and worship
Affect a wide range of health risks and outcomes

30
Q

5 domains of social determinants of health

A

Economic stability
Education access and quality
Health care access and quality
Neighborhood and built environment
Social and community context

31
Q

Levels of the ecological model

A

Intrapersonal
Interpersonal processes and primary groups
Institutional factors
Community factors
Public policy

32
Q

What part of the ecological model is this? “Social institutions and organizations characteristics and formal and informal rules and regulations for operations”

A

Institutional factors

33
Q

What part of the ecological model is this? “Relationships among organization, institutions, and informal networks with defined boundaries”

A

Community factors

34
Q

What level of the ecological model is this? “Formal and informal social network and social support systems, including family, work group and friendship networks”

A

Interpersonal processes and primary groups

35
Q

What is a health disparity

A

Must be comparing at least 2 groups
Can be age, poverty but often is race/ethnicity

36
Q

What is the PRAPARE tool?

A

Protocol for responding to and assessing patient’s assets, risks, and experiences
Screening tool used to collect data so providers can act on patient’s SDOHs

37
Q

What is empathetic inquiry

A

A motivational interviewing and trauma informed care based approach to social determinants of health interviewing
Goal: making interviewing process less like data collection and more like opportunity to connect with patients

38
Q

4 health determinants

A

Genes and biology
Health behaviors
Social or societal characteristics (predominant)
Health services / medical care

39
Q

4 ways to describe public health care thinking

A

Dynamic thinking
Forest thinking
Operational thinking
Loop thinking

40
Q

4 ways to describe individual care thinking

A

Static
Tree by tree
Factors
Straight line

41
Q

Structural determinants of health

A

Socioeconomic and political context that person is born into and lives in (governance, economics, policies)

42
Q

Intermediary determinants of health

A

Material circumstances (quality of housing)
Psychosocial factors
Behavioral
Biological

43
Q

4 core question domains of PRAPARE

A

Personal characteristics
Family and home
Money and resources
Social and emotional health

44
Q

Lillian Wald

A
  • founded the Henry St Settlement
  • HISTORIC LEADERSHIP in recognizing and addressing SDOH. – Convinced that environmental conditions and social conditions were causes of ill health and poverty. Used epidemiology to campaign for health promoting policies.
  • Advocated for creation of the US Children’s bureau.
  • Sought to place nurses in schools; saw high rates absenteeism
45
Q

Lina Rodgers

A

first school nurse, found students weren’t coming to school because of malnourishment

46
Q

how did social security act impact PH?

A

increase public health nurse education, research PHN jobs

47
Q

8 PH competencies

A

Assessment and analytical skills
Communication skills
Cultural competency
Community dimensions of practice skills
Public health science skills
Policy development/program planning skills
Financial Planning, evaluation and management skills
Leadership and systems thinking skills

48
Q

example of religious based PH programs

A

-Faith-based “L.A.D.I.E.S”
-Harvard health religion and spirituality = there is a relationship to consider here
-Goal 4 health soccer league

49
Q

racism

A

system consisting of structures, policies, practices, and norms - assigns values and determines opportunity based on the way people look or the color of their skin. results in conditions that unfairly advantage some and disadvantage others

50
Q

how to apply assessment (one of the core functions of PH)

A

Monitor health status: Monitor smoking use among segments of the population, such as youth.
Diagnose and investigate health problems: Investigate risk factors associated with tobacco use.

51
Q

how to apply policy development (one of the core functions of PH) (3)

A
  1. Inform, educate, and empower people about health concerns: Place public service announcements on television regarding the dangers of smoking.
  2. Mobilize community partnerships: Work with advocacy groups to develop anti-smoking interventions that will work in a specific community.
  3. Develop policies and plans: Passage of Proposition 99 (the cigarette tax to fund anti smoking campaigns); smoke-free workplaces, apartment complexes, and other shared spaces.
52
Q

how to apply assurance (one of the core functions of PH) (5)

A

Enforce laws and regulations: Enforcement of policies and laws, such as placement of cigarette vending machines.

Link people to needed personal health services: Address potential barriers related to culture and the language of materials, or staff serving special population groups. In California, ads in the tobacco control media campaign were broadcast in Spanish and Mandarin as well as English.

Assure a competent public health and personal health care workforce: Ensure a knowledgeable workforce is in place to develop and implement the antismoking campaign.

Evaluate effectiveness: Ongoing evaluation of the campaign to ensure it works as desired; determining how it might be improved.

Research for new innovative solutions to health programs: Take insights gained from the field on what works and confirm them through collaborative study with health researchers.

53
Q

Florence Nightingale and public health

A

was concerned not only of the sick but all the quality of homes, workhouses and the spread of disease. She also kept surveillance of living conditions in the disease of soldiers during the Crimean War.

54
Q

three levels of practice

A

individual –>
community –>
society

55
Q

ward 3 characteristics

A

less HIV
predominantly white community
more police presence
unemployment is 3.4%

56
Q

wards 7 and 8 characteristics

A

more HIV
larger black community, non-hispanic minority
lower income
less police
higher rates of poverty
lower high school completion
unemployment is 17-18%
low birth weight

Public Health (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions