Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Evolutionary Psychology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

change in organic structures over time

A

evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the phenotypic range of a genotype influenced by the environment

A

norm of reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

traits that are sensitive to environmental variations

A

facultative traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

traits that are likely in a typical environment (e.g., having a nose)

A

obligate traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • How did the behavior develop?
  • What was the physiological cause?
  • How did the behavior evolve?
  • What’s the behavior’s function?
A

Tinbergen’s 4 Questions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a causal explanation of behavior that focuses on immediate situational and physiological factors

A

proximate explanation of behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

evolutionary advantage of the behavior

A

ultimate explanations for behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Brown’s description of behavior that is common to all human cultures
- social
- rank and status
- rules of etiquette
- communicate verbally and non-verbally
- facial expressions
- religion and beliefs

A

universal people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased survival will most likely be passed on to succeding generations

A

natural selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

within any species, there are differences between the population

A

variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

genes are passed down to our offspring

A

inheritance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

can happen with environmental pressures
- also happens with mating

A

selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

psychological mechanisms that aided in our survival and therefore got passed on

A

evolved psychological mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the adaptive problem it evolved to solve

A

function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

theory of the human mind in which the various components of cognition are characterized as independent modules, each with its own specific domain and particular properties

A

modularity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the issues that ancestors had to successfully deal with in order to survive and reproduce

A

adaptive problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

tells the organism the particular adaptive problem it is facing

A

input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

physiological activity, information about other psychological mechanisms, or manifest behavior; solution to a particular adaptive problem

A

output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce

A

adaptation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

the evolutionary process also produces things that are not adaptations

A

byproducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

effects produced by change mutations, sudden shifts in the environment, etc.

A

random effects of noise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

the period when all humans were hunter-gatherers of wild resources, many of our adaptations are designed for this environment
- the statistical composite of selection pressures that occurred during an adaptation’s period of evolution responsible for producing the adaptation

A

Environmental Evolutionary Adaptedness (EEA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  • Theory of Parasite-Host Coevolution
  • Theory of Parental Investment and Sexual Selection
  • Theory of reciprocal altruism
A

Middle-Level Evolutionary Theories

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hypothesis 1: In species in which the sexes differ in parents’ investment, the higher investing sex will be more selective in the choice of mating partners
Hypothesis 2: Where males sometimes contribute resources to offspring, females will select mates in part based on their ability and willingness to contribute resources
Hypothesis 3: Members of the sex that invest less parentally in offspring will be more competitive with each other for mating access to the high-investing sex

A

Specific Evolutionary Hypotheses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Prediction 1: Women evolved preferences for, and attraction to, men who are high in status Prediction 2: Women have evolved preferences for men who show cues indicating a willingness to invest in them and their children Prediction 3: Women will divorce men who fail to contribute expected resources if they can do better on the "mating market"
Specific predictions derived from hypotheses
26
Theory driven - Step 1: derive hypothesis from existing theory - Step 2: test predictions based on hypothesis - Step 3: evaluate whether empirical results confirm predictions
Top-down strategy
27
- Step 1: Develop hypothesis about adaptive function based on a known observation - Step 2: test predictions based on hypothesis - Step 3: Evaluate whether empirical results confirm predictions
Bottom-up strategy
28
Augustinian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics
Gregor Mendel
29
demonstrated that inherited characteristics are carried by genes, dominant and recessive
Mendel's contribution
30
the process by which sections of DNA switch from one chromosome to another during meiosis, further increasing genetic variability
Crossing over
31
changes in sections of DNA caused by random or environmental factors
mutations
32
the shuffling of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in the sperms cell
random assortment
33
source of genetic variation caused by the unlimited number of possible sperm and egg combinations
random fertilization
34
traits that are affected by genes at a single loci; you either have it or you don't - e.g., eye color, widows peak, Huntington's disease
discrete traits
35
affected by genes at many loci; multiple locations/gene contributions - e.g., height, eye shade, hair pattern
polygenic traits
36
the alternate allele may produce equally 'fit' phenotypes
selectively neutral
37
causes selective reversals - e.g., moths surviving the industrial revolution
environmental variation
38
sickle-cell anemia: heterozygote trait doesn't get sickle cell but is protected against malaria, so the traits continue to get passed down
heterozygote superiority
39
selection in which the fitness of a phenotype depends on how common the phenotype is in a population - e.g., scorpionfly stealing mating gift
frequency-dependent selection
40
gene-copying errors
mutation
41
refers to the process of basic information from the external world by the sensory receptors in the sense organs and brain
sensation
42
the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information about the objects, events, and spatial layout of our surrounding world
perception
43
innate, fixed patterns of action that occur in response to particular stimulation
reflexes
44
enables us to see geometric properties of objects over long distances, use to move around the world
vision
45
cannot see fine details, more useful in motion
limits of vision
46
vibrations 'heard' through the air, water, and sometimes solids - useful in the dark, help us to avoid predators and take care of our offspring
hearing
47
smell: distance and contact sense; pheromones taste: contact taste
chemical sense
48
warm, cold, pressure, itch, tickle, PAIN - critical for survival
touch
49
the response to stimulus depends on both the person's sensitivity to the stimulus in the presence of noise and on a person's response criterion
signal detection theory
50
diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation
sensory adaptation
51
1. consciousness as wakefulness 2. consciousness as voluntary action 3. consciousness as awareness
three ways of looking at consciousness
52
memory, learning, metabolic regularity, ability to function properly
reasons for sleep
53
falling asleep; the stage between awake and sleep
hypnagogic state
54
waking up; the stage between sleep and awake
hypnopompic stage
55
the surface, "visible" content of a dream; dream images as they are remembered by the dreamer
manifest dream content
56
the hidden/symbolic meaning of a dream, as revealed by dream interpretation and analysis
latent dream content
57
dreams are influenced by the consolidation of memories during sleep
consolidation
58
dreams are caused by widespread, random activation of neural circuitry
activation-synthesis theory
59
problem with feature detection theory regarding how all different aspects of feature detection are assembled together and related to a single object; solved by visual attention
the binding problem
60
realizing that you and your actions have consequences for both you and those around you
aspects of self-awareness
61
our beliefs help to shape our consciousness and brain activity - meditation: the practice of intentional contemplation - religious prayer - imagination - creativity - other altered states
beliefs and consciousness

Evolutionary Psychology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions