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OB > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

pre term weeks

A

20-36

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2
Q

full term weeks

A

> 37

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3
Q

first trimester

A

1st day of LMP -13w6d

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4
Q

2nd tri

A

14-27

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5
Q

3rd tri

A

28w- birth

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6
Q

normal BW

A

2500-4000g

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7
Q

3 trends in US

A

increase in preterm
increase in SGA/IUGR babies
increase in high birth weight LGA

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8
Q

the 2 most important predictors for an infants health and survivial is

A

gest age and birth weight

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9
Q

leading cause of death among neonatal period

A

congenital abnormalities

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10
Q

major cause of reproductive loss is

A

genetic and congenital d/os

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11
Q

how many xsomes? how many pairs

A

22 pairs + x (MOM) and 22 pairs and x or y (DAD)

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12
Q

dominant vs recessive

A

Dominant: 1 allele (GENE) will cause phenotype to be present
- Recessive: 2 alleles (GENE) required for the phenotype to present itself

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13
Q

aneuploidy

A

trisomy 21 down syndrome 47 xsomes

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14
Q

turner syndrom

A

monosomy - missing xsome

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15
Q

who is affected in autosomal dominant

A

both equally

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16
Q

who is most affected in autosomal recessive

A

both equally

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17
Q

x linked recessive disorders affect who

A

men more

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18
Q

when are babies most suseptible to teratogens

A

first 8 weeks

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19
Q

goal of preconception counseling

A

make sure couple is in best state of health before counseling

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20
Q

where does fertilization happen

A

zygote

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21
Q

where does fertilization happen

A

ampulla of fallopian tube

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22
Q

describe embryonic dev. cascade

A

Autosomes (body cells) divide by Mitosis.
Gametes (sex cells) divide by Meiosis

union of sperm and ovum form the zygote -< cell division continues to form the morula (16 cells) -> inner cell mass is blastocyst/embryoblast which is the embryo-> outer cell is trophoblast which is the placenta and the implantation occurs 6 days post conception into endometrium

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23
Q

describe implantation

A

Implantation (embedding of blastocyst into decidua) occurs around day 5 or 6,
generally in upper third of uterus
Once pregnant, endometrium continues to thicken and secrete glycogen.
HCG prohibits further ovulation – this is hormone detected by pregnancy tests

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24
Q

when does heart form

A

3rd week of gestation

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25
Q

embryonic stage is when

A

day 15 to week 8

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26
Q

what is embryonic stage

A

major body organs complete , amniotic sac and fluid and umbilical cord and placenta are formed

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27
Q

what is amniotic fluid

A

proteins, carbs, lipids, electrolytes, cells, lanugo, vernix

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28
Q

polyhydraminos vs oligohydraminos

A

poly = > 2L / oligo = <300mL

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29
Q

6 functions of amniotic fluid

A

cushions fetus
promotes fetal movement
maintains body temp
barrier to infection
promotes lung dev
allows cord to be free from compression

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30
Q

umbilical vein carries

A

oxygenated blood from placenta to the fetus

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31
Q

umbilical arteries carry

A

oxygen poor blood from fetus to placenta

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32
Q

what is 3 vessels

A

1 vein and 2 arteries

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33
Q

placenta is formed by

A

chorion

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34
Q

placenta function

A

metabolic -resp, nutrition, excretion and storage

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35
Q

placenta formed by

A

3rd week from maternal and fetal tissue

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36
Q

placenta becomes fully functional

A

around 8-10 weeks of gestation

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37
Q

hcg

A

stimulates corpus luteum to secrete estrogen and progesterone

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38
Q

hcs

A

preparation of mamillary glands for lactation

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39
Q

relaxin

A

increases skeletal flexibility

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40
Q

progesterone

A

supports endometrium and relaxes smooth muscle

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41
Q

estrogen

A

promotes enlargment and vascularity of organs

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42
Q

f

A

f

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43
Q

oxygenated blood from mother via umbilical vein is

A

shunted from lungs and transported to brain and heart

44
Q

ductus venosus

A

connects umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava to deliver O blood

45
Q

foramen ovale

A

opening between R and L atria

46
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

connects pulm artery to the aorta and skips the lungs

47
Q

lungs dev.

A

mature by 35 wks

48
Q

neuro forms

A

neural tube by week 4- brainwaves at week 8

49
Q

GI forms

A

fetal swallow by week 20

50
Q

renal formsed

A

urine production and excretion by week 9

51
Q

repro forms

A

sex diff. by week 7

52
Q

sensory forms

A

taste by week 30 , sound by week 24

53
Q

integumentary forms

A

fat deposits present after 26 weeks

54
Q

graviada vs para vs nuillgrava, nullipara

A

any pregnancy, # of births, never preg, never birth

55
Q

formula for persons repro hx

A

G___P(t)____(p)___(a)____(L)
G-how many # preg
t- term birth anything after 37 weeks
p - preterm births even deceased
a- miscarriages
L- living including twins and adpoted is 2

56
Q

client is preg, 1 miscarriage at 16 weeks, 3 full terms, one was twins

A

5 times preg
3 full terms after 37 weeks
no preterms
1 miscarriage
4 living

G5-P3014

57
Q

6 presumptive signs of preg

A

breast tenderness
amenorrhea
fatigue
urinary freq
n/v
fetal movement

58
Q

probable signs of preg 6

A

pos test
chadwicks sign- blue cervix
goodwells sign - soft cervix
hegars - soft uterine
ballotment - bouncy cervix
braxton hicks contractions

59
Q

when is chadwicks/goodwells/hegars present

A

6-8 weeksq

60
Q

4 positive preg signs

A

fetal heart sounds
ultrasound
fetal movement by doctor

61
Q

calculating due date

A

minus 3 months plus 7 days

February 1 would be november 8

62
Q

what vaccines not allowed in preg

A

MMR and varicella

63
Q

how much folic acid in preg

A

0.4mg

64
Q

screening vs dx test

A

screening is for low risk and dx for definitive

65
Q

when should people consider genetic testing

A

family hx, personal hx, over 35

66
Q

1 hr glucose tolerance is a

A

sreening test

67
Q

diagnostic test example

A

3 hour GTT

68
Q

measures rate and volume of blood in placenta

A

umbilical artery dopper flow

69
Q

3 things in 1st tri ultrasound

A

location, HR, genetic test

70
Q

2nd tri ultrasound

A

anatomy scan, placenta, AFI

71
Q

3rd tri ultrasound

A

growth and AFI

72
Q

AFP is

A

glycoprotein produced by fetus - which is drawn at 15 weeks to use as a screening tool for defects

73
Q

multiple marker screening

A

SCREENING test that measures chemical markers to detect trisomies at 11-14 weeks

74
Q

cell free dna test

A

SCREENING at 10 weeks for gene disorders

75
Q

amniocentesis

A

DIAGNOSTIC test at 14-20 weeks for genetic test

76
Q

when is amniotic fluid formed

A

14 weeks

77
Q

chorionic villus sample

A

aspiration of placental tissue at 10-13 weeks - doesnt screen for NTD

78
Q

percutaneous umbilical blood sample

A

needle aspiration of fetal blood for testing metabolic and hematological disorders

79
Q

changes in preg are ___

A

hormonally mediated

80
Q

uterus changes in preg

A

increases in size, weight, volume

81
Q

cervix changes in preg

A

softens, increased vascularity

82
Q

vagina changes in preg

A

inc vascularity, leukorrhea, more acidic

83
Q

breast changes in preg

A

increase size, prolactin secreted

84
Q

cardio changes in preg

A

supine hypotension normal but not hypertension

increased fibrin, plasama fibrinogen , clotting factors

hypercoagulability greater risk

85
Q

resp changes in preg

A

tidal vol increased
increased O2 consumption
dyspnea and epistaxis common

86
Q

renal changes in preg

A

everything is inc

87
Q

MS changes in preg

A

softening of joints and ligaments, back pain, increased lordosis, diastastis recti (seperation of abd tissue)

88
Q

GI changes in preg

A

acididc PH saliva
smooth muscle relaxes
heartburn

89
Q

endocrine changes in preg

A

thyroid enlarges
pituitary enlarges
dec GH production
increased prolactin and oxytocin
increased cortiosol and aldosterone

90
Q

integumentary changes in preg

A

increased pigmentation, melasma, linea nigra, striae gravidarum

91
Q

every visit what should be done

A

maternal and fetal assessment

92
Q

best pelvic shape for birth

A

gynecoid

93
Q

3 prenatal vitamins needed

A

iron, folic, Ca

94
Q

how much protein, and what minerals

A

25g
omega 3, iron, Ca, fiber

95
Q

assess fetal heart tones when

A

AFTEr 12th week

96
Q

lab tests at 1st visit

A

urinalysis
CBC, rubella and varicella status
blood type, RH factor
hep B
syphillis screen
pap test, cervical culture
flu and covid vaccine

97
Q

n/v interventions*

A

crackers at night, acupuncture bracelet,ginger

98
Q

when can rhogam be admin

A

28 weeks if mom is RH neg

99
Q

describe GTT

A

at 24 weeks - pt drinks 50g glucose within 5 min, dont eat for 1 hour, check glucose and if above 135!!!!! then 3 hour GTT

100
Q

fetal kick assess

A

10 kicks in 1 hour

101
Q

what to do if not 10 kicks in 1 hour

A

NST

102
Q

NST

A

reactive if 15 beats for 15 seconds for 2 episodes over 20 min
so if HR is 130, we want 145 for 15 seconds twice in 15 min

103
Q

when should rubella non immune people get vax

A

after birth

104
Q

most common cause of death in preg people

A

homicide

105
Q

3 Qs to ask for cultural requests

A

is it safe, feasible and important to them

OB (5 decks)

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