Exam #1 Flashcards
What are three processes needed for immunity?
- Inflammation
- Cell mediated immunity- T cells
- Humoral immunity- Antibodies
Which immune process is lost in HIV?
Cell mediated immunity
Why is HIV a retrovirus?
-It replicates in a “backward” manner going from RNA to DNA.
What is the target cell for HIV?
-CD-4 T cell
What turns HIV RNA into HIV DNA?
-Reverse transcriptase
What enzyme matures the virus?
-Protease
What ways is HIV transmitted?
-Male to male sexual contact
-Heterosexual contact
-Injection drug use
-Perinatal
Contact with what bodily fluids can transmit HIV?
-Blood
-Semen
-Vaginal secretions
-Breastmilk
-Pregnancy
-US Blood supply
-Drug paraphernalia
What is PrEP?
-Pre exposure prophylaxis
-Strategy to reduce risk of sexually-acquired infection in high risk adults.
What drug is administered as PrEP?
-Truvada
What are 2 ways an RN can be exposed to HIV?
-Needlesticks
-Mucous membranes or no-intact skin
-Use standard precautions with all patients.
When should Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) be administered?
-As soon possible.
-Ideally within 2-36 hrs after exposure.
-Adhere to the full 28 day course.
What drugs are administered as PEP?
-Tenofovir combined with lamivudine or emtricitabine.
What are the different types of HIV tests?
-At- home test
-ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
-Western blot
-Antigen/antibody test- Current gold standard
-Nucleic acid test (NATs)- tests for genetic material. Expensive
HIV progression is also monitored by?
-Viral load
-The lower the viral load the less active the disease
What is U=U?
-Undetectable=Untransmittable
-Undetectable for 6 months
-Teach to still use barriers
What is a normal CD4 T+?
-800-1200 cells/uL
-Stage 1
What is the CD4 count when immune problems arise?
-<500 cells/uL.
-Stage 2
What is the CD4 when symptoms worsen, viral load increases, and the is symptomatic infection?
-<200 cells/uL
-When a diagnosis of AIDS is made.
What does an Acute HIV infection (Stage 1) look like?
-Non specific- like mono
-Fever
-Nausea
-Malaise
-Swollen lymph nodes
-Headache
-Sore throat
-Muscle and joint pain
-Diarrhea
-Diffuse rash
When do these symptoms occur?
-2-3 weeks after infection
-Highly infectious
What is cART?
-Combination anti-retrovirus therapy
What is the example of cART discussed?
-BIKTARVY
What are the three drugs that make up BIKTARVY?
-Bectegravir
-Tenofovir Alafenamide
-Emtricitabine
-Taken at the same time everyday. 1 tablet a day regimen.
What are the goals of drug therapy?
-Decrease viral load
-Maintain/increase CD4 T counts
-Prevent HIV related symptoms and opportunistic diseases
-Delay disease progression
-Prevent HIV transmission
What are benefits of drug therapy adherence?
-Reduce viral load
-Prevent opportunistic disease
-Decreases/helps prevent resistance