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maternal newborn > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

total fertility rate

A

average number of children born if all women lived through childbearing years and bore children according to their fertility

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2
Q

numerical total fertility rate

A

> 2 population is growing
<2 population is declining

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3
Q

what affects total fertility rate

A

level of education, economy, religion, contraception, family planning programs

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4
Q

birth rate

A

number of live births per 1,000 people

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5
Q

what affects the birth rate

A

OCP, delayed child birth, legal elective abortions, cost to raise children

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6
Q

very premature

A

<32 weeks

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7
Q

moderately premature

A

32-33 weeks

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8
Q

late premature

A

34-36 weeks

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9
Q

complications of preterm births

A

leading cause of death under the age of 5

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10
Q

long term effects of preterm births

A

respiratory disorders, cerebral palsy, vision and hearing deficits, developmental delays

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11
Q

neonatal birth weight

A

predictor of mortality and morbidity

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12
Q

high birth weight

A

4000g and higher
lowest mortality rates in year 1 of life

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13
Q

normal birth weight

A

2500-3999g

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14
Q

low birth weight

A

<2500g

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15
Q

very low birth weight

A

<1500g
significantly higher mortality rates in year 1 of life

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16
Q

birth weight formula

A

weight (g)/ 454

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17
Q

maternal death

A

occurs during pregnancy or within 42 days of pregnancy termination caused by pregnancy related issues

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18
Q

direct obstetric death

A

a direct result from complications during pregnancy, labor, birth, or postpartum

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19
Q

indirect obstetric death

A

caused by preexisting or non-obstetrical disease exacerbated by pregnancy

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20
Q

late maternal death

A

more than 42 days after pregnancy termination from direct or indirect obstetrical cause

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21
Q

pregnancy-related death

A

during or up to 1 year after pregnancy ends due to pregnancy complication
(umbrella term)

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22
Q

direct obstetric death example

A

pp hemorrhage, DIC

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23
Q

indirect obstetric death

A

type 1 DM, SLE, HIV, CVD, renal disease, autoimmune disease

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24
Q

weight gain recommendations for BMI 18.5

A

gain 28-40 lbs

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25
Q

weight gain recommendation for BMI 18.5-24.9

A

gain 25-35 lbs

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26
Q

weight gain recommendation for BMI 25-29.9

A

gain 15-25 lbs

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27
Q

weight gain recommendations for BMI >30

A

gain 11-20

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28
Q

ethics

A

disciplined study of mortality expressed in systematic norms

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29
Q

what code of ethics do nurses use

A

ANA- American Nurses Association code of ethics

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30
Q

what is the ANA used for

A

a resource for nurses during an ethical delimma

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31
Q

beneficence

A

obligation to do good
doing what is best for the patient

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32
Q

Non-Maleficence

A

obligation to do no harm
informing patient of harmful effects for drugs on fetus

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33
Q

Fidelity

A

keep your promise
being loyal

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34
Q

Veracity

A

being truthful

35
Q

Autonomy

A

involve individuals in decision-making process
not applicable to fetus, only mother

36
Q

justice

A

to allow fairness in the healthcare industry

37
Q

Utilitarianism

A

do what is best for most

38
Q

Libertarianism

A

give to the most deserving
ex- organ transplant

39
Q

Egalitarianism

A

everything should be equal
ex- every nurse would have 4 patients and some patients don’t have a nurse

40
Q

4 obligations of a nurse when refusing an assignment

A

1- do not abandon pt or refuse care due to bias or prejudice
2- provide emergency care
3- inform the employer in advance
4- inform the provider of the situation when an ethical dilemma is identified

41
Q

carrier testing

A

detect genetic mutations in family history

42
Q

preimplantation testing

A

embryo is tested prior to implantation

43
Q

prenatal testing

A

early detection

44
Q

newborn screening

A

state-mandated heel stick
phenlyketouria

45
Q

menstrual cycle- follicular phase

A

begins with day 1 of menstruation and lasts 12-14 days. Follicle develops under influence of LH and FSH. the follicle produces estrogen (dominant in the first half of cycle)

46
Q

menstrual cycle- ovulatory phase

A

begins with the estrogen level peak and the oocyte is released from the ovary LH levels surge 12-36 hours prior to ovulation.

47
Q

menstrual cycle- luteal phase

A

begins after ovulation and lasts 14 days. progesterone levels are high during the second half of cycle.

48
Q

menstrual cycle- failed implantation

A

the cycle restarts because corpus luteum sloughs resulting in decreased progesterone and menstruation

49
Q

zygote

A

fertilized oocyte
contains 46 chromosomes
progresses to 16 cell morula

50
Q

blastocyte

A

implants in endometrium on days 5-6
hCG is detectable
implantation in upper posterior wall of uterus

51
Q

embryonic stage

A

implantation to 8 weeks gestation
germ layers

52
Q

ectoderm

A

forms epidermis, hair, nails, lens, cornea, and mucosa of cavities

53
Q

mesoderm

A

forms dermis, bone, cartilage, skeletal muscles, and kidneys

54
Q

endoderm

A

forms mucosa of esophagus, stomach and lungs, liver, GB, pancreas, and thyroid

55
Q

fetal stage

A

9 weeks gestation to birth
organ system growth and maturation

56
Q

fetal cardiovascular system

A

develops within weeks of conception
heart beats after 3 weeks
oxygenated blood enters fetus via umbilical vein

57
Q

ductus venosus

A

connects umbilical vein to inferior vena cava
oxygenated blood enters right atrium

58
Q

foramen ovale

A

opening between the right and left atrium
oxygenated blood is shunted to the left atrium and closes at delivery due to increased blood returning to the left atrium after birth

59
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

connects pulmonary artery with descending aorta
oxygenated blood is shunted to aorta via DA
constricts after birth due to blood levels and prostaglandins

60
Q

placenta

A

formed from maternal and fetal tissue
provides nutrients, hormones, and metabolic gas exchange
fully functioning 8-10w gestation

61
Q

embryonic membrane

A

create sterile environment
amniotic- inner layer
choronic- outer layer

62
Q

amniotic fluid

A

cushioning, protection, warmth
normal 1000 ml

63
Q

polyhydramnios

A

> 1500 ml amniotic fluid

64
Q

oligohydramnios

A

<500 ml amniotic fluid

65
Q

umbilical cord

A

nutrition and gas exchange
wrapped in Wharton’s jelly
2 arteries 1 vein (AVA)

66
Q

2 umbilical vessels

A

indicated cardiovascular defect

67
Q

infertility female causative factors

A

ovulatory dysfunction (hormonal imbalance, thyroid dysfunction, premature ovarian failure)
tubal or pelvic pathology (damage or fibroids)
cervical mucous factors (infection or cryotherapy)

68
Q

infertility male causative factors

A

endocrine disorders, spermatogenesis issue, sperm antibodies, sperm transport factors, disorders of intercourse

69
Q

infertility (definition)

A

inability to conceive despite engaging in unprotected sex x12 months
6 months if over 35 y/o

70
Q

fertility associated factors

A

decreased sperm production, endometriosis, ovulation disorders, tubal occlusions

expense, feelings of stress, and effect on couples’ relationship, lack of family support

71
Q

assessment of infertility

A

medical history
surgical history (female)
obstetric history (female)
gynecologic history (female)
sexual history
occupational/ environmental exposure risk
nutrition status (female)

72
Q

female-specific infertility assessment

A

endocrine disorders, history of pelvic and abdominal surgeries, spontaneous abortions, hormonal abnormalities (anovulation), abnormal uterine contours, exposure to teratogenic substances, over or underweight, substance use

73
Q

male-specific infertility assessment

A

history of mumps, genetic disorders, history of STIs, exposure to teratogenic substances

74
Q

infertility diagnostic procedures- female

A

pelvic exam
hormone analysis
postcoital test
ultrasound
hysterosalpingography
hysteroscopy
laproscopy

75
Q

infertility diagnostic procedure- male

A

semen analysis
ultrasound

76
Q

intrauterine insemination

A

sperm placed in uterus

77
Q

In Vitro Fertilization

A

fertilization of client’s egg which is the implanted into the clients uterus

78
Q

In Vitro Fertilization

A

egg fertilized outside the uterus and implanted

79
Q

gamete intrafallopian transfer

A

egg retrieved and placed in sperm which is then injected into fallopian tube

80
Q

donor oocyte

A

use of donor egg

81
Q

donor embryo

A

donated embryo implanted in recipient uterus

82
Q

gestational carrier

A

IVF process but implanted in a carrier (no genetic relation)

83
Q

surrogate mother

A

inseminated with semen and carries fetus until birth

84
Q

donor insemination

A

donor sperm

maternal newborn (1 decks)

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