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Msk 2 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Kvp

A

Determines energy of X-ray beam

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2
Q

MAs

A

Determines number of X-ray photons produced

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3
Q

Fix exposure problems

A

Mas 50 or kvp by 15

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4
Q

Synarthroses joint

A

Immovable ie skull

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5
Q

Diarthroses joint

A

Have synovial, freely movable, knee fetlock hock

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6
Q

Ampiarthrosis joint

A

Slightly movable, vertebrae or pubis

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7
Q

Osteoarthritis definition

A

Progressive cartilage degradation characterized by softening, fibrillation, and erosion of the articulate surface

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8
Q

Cartilage blood supply?

A

Not direct, only by diffusion of nutrients

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9
Q

Early signs of oa in horses

A

Swelling, heat, lameness, behavioral hesitation to preform

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10
Q

How do nsaid work which pathway

A

Non selective cox inhibitor in the arachnoid acid pathway

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11
Q

What is surpass

A

Topical nsaid for horse, lower systemic,

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12
Q

Biphosphonates bad why

A

Renal consequences

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13
Q

Intraarticular steroids

A

Anti inflammatory, may cause laminitis or infection
Stops entire aracadonic pathways

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14
Q

Which steroid of intra inj horses

A

Depo longest acting but may be bad for Cartlidge
Triamc can cause laminitis

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15
Q

Platelet rich plasma inj.

A

Platelet concentrates made of auto genius blood with high plates in small volume plasma

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16
Q

Oa horse surgical options

A

Arthroscopy, ankylosis, arthrodesis

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17
Q

Oa in cats common type

A

Type 1 auto, inciting usually not found

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18
Q

Joints affected in cats from most to least

A

Spine, elbow, hip, stifle. Shoulder tarsus carpus

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19
Q

Which cats have high number of carpus tarsus affected

A

Scottish folds

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20
Q

Lameness score cat 1

A

Hardly visible, short strides, lifts foot when sitting, unable to jump, altered sitting position

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21
Q

Lameness score cat 2

A

Medium, clearly visible, head bob, weight bearing, tail shift,

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22
Q

Lameness score cat 3

A

High grade, toe touching non weight bearring

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23
Q

Oa cats pe findings

A

Crepitus, joint thickening, effusion, reduced range of motion

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24
Q

Cats X-ray OA typically see

A

Osteophytosis, sclerosis, soft tissue thickening, joint effusion, mineralized bodies

25
Q

Non surgery cats oa

A

Environmental modulation, pt, dietary modulation, nutraceuticals, drug therapy like nsaid

26
Q

Multimodal analgesia cats oa

A

Combo of drugs, amantadine, gab, tramadol,

27
Q

Sx cats oa

A

Intraarticular fragment removal, joint replacement, excision arthroscopy (ball removal) , arthrodesis (perm stabilization)

28
Q

Type classification oa dogs

A

Type 2

29
Q

Dog nsaid oa

A

Long term better, adverse effects lown

30
Q

Dog galliprant

A

New class, blocks ep4 receptor, reduces inflammation

31
Q

Omega 3 diet dogs

A

Only neutraceutical with proven evidence

32
Q

Oa dogs exercise ?

A

Some tolerated short walk so don’t get stiff

33
Q

Dog oa sx

A

Joint replacement, excision arthropoasty, arthrodesis,

34
Q

Which imaging don’t have radiation

A

MRI and ultrasound

35
Q

4 determinants of X-ray opacity

A

Atomic number
Thicknes
Physical and composit densities

36
Q

Order of long bones from end to middle

A

Epiphysis- metaphysis- diaphysis

37
Q

3 joint types

A

Synovial, cartilaginous, fibrous,

38
Q

3 ways to tell bone aggression?

A

Cortical destruction, active periosteal reaction, no distinct transition zone

39
Q

Primary bone tumor called?

A

Osteosarcoma

40
Q

Several bone cancer

A

Carcinoma or lymphoma

41
Q

Bone cancer centered around a joint

A

Tumor like histocytic sarcoma, synovial cell sarcoma

42
Q

Dorsal lateral has what

A

Square tarsus, step or shelf

43
Q

Dorsomedial has what

A

More rounded tarsus, 2/3 acesssory is superimposed

44
Q

Most affected feline joint by osteroarthritis

A

Spine!

45
Q

Oa changes on xray

A

Osteophytosis, sclerosis, soft tissue thickening, joint effusion

46
Q

What is oa characterized by

A

Softening, fibrillation, erosion of articulate surface

47
Q

Inflammatory cytokines of oa?

A

IL1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, il6

48
Q

AAEP lameness scale level 1

A

Not consistent

49
Q

AAEP level 2

A

Difficult at walk or straight line

50
Q

AAEP level 3

A

Lameness at trot

51
Q

AAEP level 4

A

Lameness at walk

52
Q

OCD

A

Failure of endochondral ossification leading to retention of growth cartilage

53
Q

Type 1 impa

A

Idiopathic

54
Q

Type 2 impa

A

Infection remote from the joint

55
Q

Impa type 3

A

GI dx

56
Q

Impa type 4

A

Neoplasia

57
Q

Drugs can cause impa

A

Sulfo!, Penicillin deriviertes, erythromycin, lincomycin, cephalosporins

58
Q

Key difference between impa this and rheumatoid like arthritis

A

Rheumatoid factor RF

Msk 2 (2 decks)

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