Exam 1

Question 1

Major signs and symptoms of cardiovascular, metabolic and renal disease

Answer 1

pain in the chest, arms, neck, jaw or other areas that may result from myocardial ischemia.
shortness of breath at rest or with mild exertion.
dizziness or syncope.
orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.
ankle edema.
palpitations or tachycardia.
intermittent claudication.
known heart murmur
unusual fatigue with usual activities

Question 2

risk factors for cardiovascular disease

Answer 2

age, family history, cigarette smoking, BMI/ waist circumference, blood pressure, lipids, blood glucose

Question 3

what do you need to monitor before, during and after an exercise intervention?

Answer 3

BP, HR, oxygen saturation, RPE, cognition, subjective symptoms, other signs

Question 4

FITT-VP

Answer 4

frequency, intensity, time, type, volume and progression

Question 5

what to keep in mind when prescribing exercise

Answer 5

specificity, volume effect, progressive overload, variation, individuality, reversibility

Question 6

specificity

Answer 6

similarities between training stimulus and performance outcome of interest.
may include biomechanical, bioenergetic and information demands of activity.

Question 7

essential components to Ex Rx

Answer 7

improved fitness or function
improved health
return to work or play
event-specific training

Question 8

progressive overload

Answer 8

describes progressive increases in training stimulus across the training period.
accomplished by increasing frequency, intensity, volume, time, or movement complexity independently or in combo

Question 9

variation

Answer 9

describes sequences manipulations of exercise and training stimuli.
physiological adaption

Question 10

physiological adaption

Answer 10

refers to altering exercise selection, volume, or intensity at specified times during trainig

Question 11

motor learning

Answer 11

describes structured or unstructured variation in the multiplicity of actions or tasks specific to the activity of the interest during deliberate practice

Question 12

MET

Answer 12

a measurement of physical activity, representing the amount of oxygen used by the body per kg of bodyweight per minute.

Question 13

frequency considerations

Answer 13

moderate intensity- 5 days a week
vigorous intensity aerobic- 3 days a week
usually 3-5 days a week

Question 14

intensity considerations

Answer 14

may be prescribed using multiple methods such as Hr, RPE, VO2max, METs etc.

Question 15

time considerations

Answer 15

most adults should accumulate 30-60 minutes per day of moderate intensity ex.

Question 16

exercise is ______________

Answer 16

planned, purposeful and repetitive.
does not have to be progressive

Question 17

workload

Answer 17

METs and %VO2 max

Question 18

mobilizers

Answer 18

more superficial.
cross multiple vertebrae.
cause compressive loading with strong contraction

Question 19

stabilizers

Answer 19

deep, attach to each vertebral segment.
control segmental motion
greater percentage of type 1 fibers- endurance function

Question 20

mobilizers of lumbar spine

Answer 20

rectus abdominus
ext/int obliques
QL
erector spinae
iliopsoas

Question 21

mobilizers for cervical spine

Answer 21

SCM
scalenes
levator
upper trap
erector spinae

Question 22

lumbar spine stabilizers

Answer 22

transversus abdominus
multifidus
QL

Question 23

cervical spine stabilizers

Answer 23

rectus capitis anterior and lateralis
longus colli

Question 24

stability impairment can result from:

Answer 24

joint hypermobility
muscle weakness
impaired postural control
impaired endurance

Question 25

hypermobility

Answer 25

excessive movement around a joint

Question 26

instability

Answer 26

excessive joint movement without muscular control

Question 27

spinal stabilization guidelines:

Answer 27

kinesthetic awareness first.
activation- isometric holding.
extremity motions- progressive limb loading.
increase endurance and strength.
use manual resistance.
develop transition stabilization.
perturbation.

Question 28

methods of activation for lumbar spine

Answer 28

find neutral spine then set to 70 mmhg with activation should drop by 6-10mmhg

Question 29

methods of activation for cervical spine

Answer 29

set to 20 mmhg with activation, progressively increase by 2 mmh up to 30mmhg.

Question 30

PNF abbreviation

Answer 30

proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

Question 31

PNF concepts

Answer 31

mobility, stability, control mobility and skill

Question 32

what is PNF?

Answer 32

manual methods of promoting the response of neuromuscular systems.
methods are employed for altered or inefficient patterns of motion or posture

Question 33

indications for PNF

Answer 33

impaired mobility
impaired muscle performance
impaired endurance
impaired balance/stability
impaired posture
pain impairments

Question 34

body positioning and mechanics for PNF

Answer 34

stand in diagonal plane whenever possible.
forearms will move within plane.
manual contacts: maximize to decrease pressure, specific to direction

Question 35

verbal and visual cueing

Answer 35

clear and concise.
begin by providing information about full response.
change to more simple cues for subsequent reps.
alter tone according to goal.
have pt follow movement with eyes.

Question 36

manual contact and maximal resistance

Answer 36

resistance to motion enhances muscle activation.
manual contact always on the muscle contracting.
the direction, quality and quantity of resistance are adjusted according to goals.
resistance should allow full ROM.

Question 37

approximation and traction

Answer 37

enhance muscle performance prior to treatment.

Question 38

traction

Answer 38

inhibit muscles around the joint

Question 39

approximation

Answer 39

facilitate muscles around the joint

Question 40

stretch and timing

Answer 40

quick stretch enhances muscle firing.
timing of firing through cues and amount of resistance for coordinated movement.

Question 41

techniques for mobility

Answer 41

rhythmic initiation, rotation and repeated contractions.
hold and relax.
contract and relax.

Question 42

techniques for stability

Answer 42

alternating isometrics and rhythmic stabilization

Question 43

techniques for controlled mobility

Answer 43

reversals of antagonist
dynamic reversals of antagonists

Question 44

techniques for skill

Answer 44

timing for emphasis

Question 45

stability 1- isometric holds

Answer 45

resist antagonist in a predictable pattern; dont release pressure until opposite direction is contacted.
improve strength of antagonists.
improve balance of antagonists.
improve stability
increase active and passive ROM
decrease pain

Question 46

stability 2- rhythmic stabilization

Answer 46

resist from proximal to distal segments alternate in unpredictable pattern or rotation(co-contraction).

Question 47

controlled mobility 1- reversals of antagonists

Answer 47

mid range motions, slow reversal/hold.
to facilitate agonist.
improve balance.

Question 48

controlled mobility 2- dynamic reversals of antagonists

Answer 48

two movements - opp. directions.
improve strength in available ROM.
improve balance and coordination of antagonist.
improve endurance of antagonistic patterns.

Question 49

stability training

Answer 49

dynamic exercises within an equilibrium.

Question 50

stability training attain:

Answer 50

joint positioning, postural training, isometric muscle contractions and ENDURANCE

Question 51

stability training maintain:

Answer 51

midrange motions, co-contractions, eccentric antagonist contractions

Question 52

stability training sustain:

Answer 52

outside base of support, external perturbation.
closed and open kinetic chain.
emphasize ballistic forces and random forces.