Exam 1 Flashcards
Atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Atomic mass
The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom
Valence shell
The outermost energy shell of an atom, containing the valence electrons involved in the chemical reactions of an atom
Ion
An atom or molecule w a net charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons
Isomers
Same molecular formula but different structure
Isotopes
An atom that has the same amount of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons, therefore have different chemical properties
Solute
Substance being dissolved
Solvent
A substance that has the ability to dissolve the given solute to form a new solution
Hypothesis
Suggested explanation for an observation, which can be tested
Tonicity
Amount of solute in a solution
Biology
The study of living organisms and and their interactions w one another and their environments
Eukaryote
Cell that has a membrane bound nucleus and several membrane bound organelles
Prokaryote
Unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane bound organelles
Nucleus of a cell
Cell organelle that houses dna and directs ribosome and protein synthesis
Nucleus of an atom
Core of an atom, contains protons and neutrons
Mitochondria
Powerhouse if the cell, responsible for carrying out cellular respiration, and the production of ATP
Plasma membrane
Controls what enters and leaves the cell, composed of phospholipid bilayers
Cell wall
Only in plant cells, provides structural support and gives shape to the cell, PROTECTS the cell
Golgi apparatus
Eukaryotic organelle comprised of a series of stacked membranes that sorts, tags, and packages lipids and proteins for transportation
Ribosome
Cellular structure that carries out protein synthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum
Series of interconnected membranous structures with eukaryotic cells that collectively modify proteins and synthesize lipids
Lysosome
Organelle in an animal cell that functions as the cells digestive component, it breaks down proteins, polysaccharides,lipids, nucleus acids, and even worn out organelles
Chloroplast
Plant cell organelle that Carrie’s out photosynthesis
Enzyme
A protein that acts as a catalyst, speeds up chemical reactions
Substrate
A reactant in a chemical reaction
Active site
Enzymes specific region to which a substrate binds
Energy of activation
The energy needed for a reaction to occur
Kinetic energy
Energy type that takes place inside cells, including anabolism and catabolism
Potential energy
Energy type that has potential to do work, stored energy
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate, the cells energy currency, needed to function properly
Osmosis
Diffusion of water from low to high solute
Diffusion
Molecules diffuse from a high concentration to a low concentration
Facilitated transport
Process by which material moves down a concentration gradient using integral membrane proteins
Active transport
Method of transporting material through a membrane that does not require energy
Concentration gradient
Area of high concentration adjacent to an area of low concentration
Dehydration synthesis
The formation of larger molecules from smaller reactants, accompanied by the loss of a water molecule
Hydrolysis
Is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks down one or more chemical bonds
Monomer
A molecule that can be bonded to other identical monomers to form polymers
Polymer
A substance or material consisting of very large molecules and macromolecules
Saturated
Containing the greatest number of hydrogen atoms
Endergonic
Reactions that need energy input
Exergonic
Reactions that release energy
Conservation of energy
A principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be altered from one form a to another
Selective permeability
Membrane function that allows certain objects to pass through
Name all 3 domain
- Eukaryotic 2. Bacteria 3.Archea
Components of hierarchy
Atom → molecule → macromolecule → cell → organelle→tissues →organ→ organsystem → organisms → population → community→ ecosystem → biosphere
Bond between the H and O within water molecule
Hydrogen bond
Bond between the H of one water molecule and the o of another molecule
polar covalent bond
Bond between a Positive and negative ion
Ionic bond
Bond between the carbonyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another
Peptide bond
What elements are in all organic molecules?
Carbon and hydrogen
What organic molecules have the formula ch20?
Lipids
Non-polar organic molecule?
Lipids
Hydrophobic organic molecules?
Lipids
What is composed of amino acids?
Proteins
Are composed of poly-peptide chains?
Amino acids
What happens to a red blood cell when placed a hypertonic solution?
It shrinks
What happens in a hypotonic solution?
Swell
What about in a isotonic solution?
Stay the same
Structure of the plasma membrane
The plasma membrane is selectively permeable. It has phospholipid bilayers, lipids and proteins. Outside is Pilar heads, hydrophilic and the inside is made up of non-polar heads, hydrophobic (loves fat). In order for molecules that are to large to pass through you need proteins to break them down to pass through the membrane.
What do the columns of the periodic table indicate?
Valence electrons in the valence shell
What do the rows indicate?
Valence shells
Swallowing debris or pathogens
Phagocytosis
ISO
Same
Poly
Many
Hyper
More
Hypo
Less
Macro
Big
Micro
Small
Lysis
Something is broken down
Hydro
Water
-Ase
Enzyme
-Ose
Sugar
-Cyro
Cell
Bond between the 2 hydrogen atoms of a hydrogen molecule
Non polar covalent bond
