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Bio 106 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

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2
Q

Atomic mass

A

The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom

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3
Q

Valence shell

A

The outermost energy shell of an atom, containing the valence electrons involved in the chemical reactions of an atom

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4
Q

Ion

A

An atom or molecule w a net charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons

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5
Q

Isomers

A

Same molecular formula but different structure

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6
Q

Isotopes

A

An atom that has the same amount of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons, therefore have different chemical properties

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7
Q

Solute

A

Substance being dissolved

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8
Q

Solvent

A

A substance that has the ability to dissolve the given solute to form a new solution

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9
Q

Hypothesis

A

Suggested explanation for an observation, which can be tested

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10
Q

Tonicity

A

Amount of solute in a solution

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11
Q

Biology

A

The study of living organisms and and their interactions w one another and their environments

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12
Q

Eukaryote

A

Cell that has a membrane bound nucleus and several membrane bound organelles

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13
Q

Prokaryote

A

Unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane bound organelles

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14
Q

Nucleus of a cell

A

Cell organelle that houses dna and directs ribosome and protein synthesis

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15
Q

Nucleus of an atom

A

Core of an atom, contains protons and neutrons

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16
Q

Mitochondria

A

Powerhouse if the cell, responsible for carrying out cellular respiration, and the production of ATP

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17
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Controls what enters and leaves the cell, composed of phospholipid bilayers

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18
Q

Cell wall

A

Only in plant cells, provides structural support and gives shape to the cell, PROTECTS the cell

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19
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Eukaryotic organelle comprised of a series of stacked membranes that sorts, tags, and packages lipids and proteins for transportation

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20
Q

Ribosome

A

Cellular structure that carries out protein synthesis

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21
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Series of interconnected membranous structures with eukaryotic cells that collectively modify proteins and synthesize lipids

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22
Q

Lysosome

A

Organelle in an animal cell that functions as the cells digestive component, it breaks down proteins, polysaccharides,lipids, nucleus acids, and even worn out organelles

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23
Q

Chloroplast

A

Plant cell organelle that Carrie’s out photosynthesis

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24
Q

Enzyme

A

A protein that acts as a catalyst, speeds up chemical reactions

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25
Q

Substrate

A

A reactant in a chemical reaction

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26
Q

Active site

A

Enzymes specific region to which a substrate binds

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27
Q

Energy of activation

A

The energy needed for a reaction to occur

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28
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy type that takes place inside cells, including anabolism and catabolism

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29
Q

Potential energy

A

Energy type that has potential to do work, stored energy

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30
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine triphosphate, the cells energy currency, needed to function properly

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31
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water from low to high solute

32
Q

Diffusion

A

Molecules diffuse from a high concentration to a low concentration

33
Q

Facilitated transport

A

Process by which material moves down a concentration gradient using integral membrane proteins

34
Q

Active transport

A

Method of transporting material through a membrane that does not require energy

35
Q

Concentration gradient

A

Area of high concentration adjacent to an area of low concentration

36
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

The formation of larger molecules from smaller reactants, accompanied by the loss of a water molecule

37
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Is any chemical reaction in which a molecule of water breaks down one or more chemical bonds

38
Q

Monomer

A

A molecule that can be bonded to other identical monomers to form polymers

39
Q

Polymer

A

A substance or material consisting of very large molecules and macromolecules

40
Q

Saturated

A

Containing the greatest number of hydrogen atoms

41
Q

Endergonic

A

Reactions that need energy input

42
Q

Exergonic

A

Reactions that release energy

43
Q

Conservation of energy

A

A principle stating that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be altered from one form a to another

44
Q

Selective permeability

A

Membrane function that allows certain objects to pass through

45
Q

Name all 3 domain

A
  1. Eukaryotic 2. Bacteria 3.Archea
46
Q

Components of hierarchy

A

Atom → molecule → macromolecule → cell → organelle→tissues →organ→ organsystem → organisms → population → community→ ecosystem → biosphere

47
Q

Bond between the H and O within water molecule

A

Hydrogen bond

48
Q

Bond between the H of one water molecule and the o of another molecule

A

polar covalent bond

49
Q

Bond between a Positive and negative ion

A

Ionic bond

50
Q

Bond between the carbonyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another

A

Peptide bond

51
Q

What elements are in all organic molecules?

A

Carbon and hydrogen

52
Q

What organic molecules have the formula ch20?

A

Lipids

53
Q

Non-polar organic molecule?

A

Lipids

54
Q

Hydrophobic organic molecules?

A

Lipids

55
Q

What is composed of amino acids?

A

Proteins

56
Q

Are composed of poly-peptide chains?

A

Amino acids

57
Q

What happens to a red blood cell when placed a hypertonic solution?

A

It shrinks

58
Q

What happens in a hypotonic solution?

A

Swell

59
Q

What about in a isotonic solution?

A

Stay the same

60
Q

Structure of the plasma membrane

A

The plasma membrane is selectively permeable. It has phospholipid bilayers, lipids and proteins. Outside is Pilar heads, hydrophilic and the inside is made up of non-polar heads, hydrophobic (loves fat). In order for molecules that are to large to pass through you need proteins to break them down to pass through the membrane.

61
Q

What do the columns of the periodic table indicate?

A

Valence electrons in the valence shell

62
Q

What do the rows indicate?

A

Valence shells

63
Q

Swallowing debris or pathogens

A

Phagocytosis

64
Q

ISO

A

Same

65
Q

Poly

A

Many

66
Q

Hyper

A

More

67
Q

Hypo

A

Less

68
Q

Macro

A

Big

69
Q

Micro

A

Small

70
Q

Lysis

A

Something is broken down

71
Q

Hydro

A

Water

72
Q

-Ase

A

Enzyme

73
Q

-Ose

A

Sugar

74
Q

-Cyro

A

Cell

75
Q

Bond between the 2 hydrogen atoms of a hydrogen molecule

A

Non polar covalent bond

Bio 106 (1 decks)

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