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Fundamentals > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

National organizations and agencies focused on quality and safety (there are 7)

A

IHI
Health consumer assessment of healthcare
HCAHPS
The joint commission
CMS
QSEN institute
OSHA
State heath agencies

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2
Q

Injury

A

A particular form or instance of harm that has a recognizable pattern of occurrence

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3
Q

Major cause of death in adults and older adults

A

MVA

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4
Q

TeamSTEPPS

A

Evidence-based toolbox of communication techniques developed by the Dept. of Defense and AHRQ that includes SBAR, huddles, and debriefing

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5
Q

5 types of restraints

A

Physical, chemical, nonviolent/non-self destructive, violent, self-destructive, seclusion

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6
Q

Nonviolent/non-self destructive restraint

A

Physical or chemical restraint to prevent patients from ripping out IVs and tubing and negatively impacting treatment

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7
Q

Violent/self-destructive restraint

A

Four-point restraint used to prevent potentially life threatening injury

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8
Q

Class A fire extinguisher

A

Trash, wood, and paper (green)

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9
Q

Class B fire extinguisher

A

Liquids and gasses (red)

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10
Q

Class C fire extinguisher

A

Energized electrical sources (blue)

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11
Q

health assessment dimensions (4)

A

Physical, psychosocial, social, spiritual

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12
Q

What makes someone ANOx4? (what do they know)

A

Person, place, time, situation

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13
Q

PQRSTU

A

provocative or palliative
quality or quantity
region or radiation
severity scale
timing
understand patient’s perception

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14
Q

Order of physical exam

A

inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation (except GI, auscultate before palpate)

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15
Q

Dyspnea

A

Pain while breathing

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16
Q

Percussion sounds

A

tympany, hyperresonance, resonance, dullness, flatness

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17
Q

Tympany

A

musical, drum like, high, loud (air-filled stomach)

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18
Q

Hyperresonance

A

Booming, very low, very loud (emphysematous lung)

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19
Q

Resonance

A

Hollow, low, loud (normal lung)

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20
Q

Dullness

A

Thud-like, medium, medium (liver or diaphragm)

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21
Q

Flatness

A

Extreme dullness, high, soft (sternum or thigh)

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22
Q

At what temperatures may death occur?

A

25C (77F) or 45C (113F)

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23
Q

Radiation

A

Similar to heat leaving a stove

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24
Q

Conduction

A

Heat loss from sleeping in a cold bed

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25
Q

Convection

A

Heat loss from a fan being on

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26
Q

Evaporation

A

Heat loss through sweat

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27
Q

Normal oral temp

A

36.5C to 37.5C (97.6F and 99.6F)

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28
Q

Normal axillary temp

A

35.8C to 37C (96.6F and 98.6F)

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29
Q

Normal rectal temp

A

Between 37C and 38.1C (98.6F and 100.6F)

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30
Q

Normal tympanic temp

A

36.8C and 37.9C (98.2F and 100.2F) (pull pinna up and back for adults, down and back for kids)

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31
Q

Normal respirations

A

12-20

32
Q

Apnea

A

Absence of respirations, greater than or equal to 10s

33
Q

Biot

A

Shallow breathing alternating with periods of apnea

34
Q

Cheyna-Stokes

A

Periods of respirations of increased rate and depth alternating with periods of apnea

35
Q

Kussmaul

A

Increased rate and depth of respirations

36
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal respiratory rhythm and depth (EUphoria is good, so EUpnea is also good)

37
Q

How to calculate BP

A

COxPVR

38
Q

How to calculate CO

A

SVxHR

39
Q

Korotkoff sounds

A

Phase I: Offset of faint, clear, tapping sounds of gradually increasing intensity
Phase II: Swishing sound
Phase III: crisper, more intense sounds, clear intense tapping
Phase IV: muffled, blowing sounds
Phase V: silence

40
Q

Normal BP

A

90/60-120/80

41
Q

normal HR

A

60-100

42
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

Diastole, atrial systole (ventricular diastole), ventricular systole (atrial diastole)

43
Q

Diastole

A

Ventricles relaxed (heart is resting)
AV valves are open
Pressure in the atria is higher than in the ventricles
Blood pours rapidly into the ventricles (in normal heart)

44
Q

Systole

A

Ventricle pressure is higher than atrial (heart is pumping)
Mitral and tricuspid valves swing shut so blood can flow then start over again
Into aorta (oxygenated) and pulmonary arteries (deoxygenated)

45
Q

Diastisis

A

Pause between relaxation and contraction (ventricles fill to 70%)

46
Q

Electric/conduction system

A

Under regulation of ANS
Electrical conduction (SAN to AVN to bundle of HIS to purkinje fibers

47
Q

Heart rate is primarily determined by the

A

SA node

48
Q

Stroke volume depends on

A

Amount of blood pumped from left ventricle
Accommodation of incoming blood volume by heart
Contractility of heart muscle (specifically left ventricle)
Resistance to blood flow in the circulatory system

49
Q

Orthopnea

A

Breathlessness while laying, relieved by sitting or standing

50
Q

Jugular vs carotid

A

Jugular: brings deoxygenated blood from the head and face
Carotid: Brings oxygenated blood to the head and face

51
Q

Thrill

A

Vibration on the chest wall over an area where there is turbulent blood flow (usually heart murmur/disrupted turbulence)

52
Q

Bruit

A

Turbulent blood flow

53
Q

Where is S1 louder?

A

At the apex of the heart

54
Q

Where is S2 louder?

A

At the base

55
Q

Allen test

A

Tests blood flow to hands

56
Q

What do myoglobin, creatine kinase (CK-MB), and troponin confirm?

A

MI (myocardial infarction, heart attack)

57
Q

BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide)

A

Heart failure

58
Q

What is EGFR

A

Glomerular filtration rate

59
Q

Angiography

A

Radiopaque dye

60
Q

What is S1

A

Ventricles contracting and AV/mitral and bicuspid valves closing

61
Q

What is S2

A

Sound of semilunar valves closing (pulmonic, aortic) and ventricles relax

62
Q

What is S3

A

Mostly abnormal, gallop, product of CHF (kentucky)

63
Q

What is S4

A

Abnormal murmur (tenessee)

64
Q

Aortic location

A

2nd right intercostal space

65
Q

Pulmonic location

A

2nd left intercostal space

66
Q

Tricuspid location

A

Left lower sternal border/4th intercostal space

67
Q

Mitral location

A

5th intercostal space

68
Q

What separates the left and right ventricles?

A

The septum

69
Q

What separates the left atrium and left ventricle?

A

The mitral (bicuspid) valve

70
Q

What separates the right ventricle and pulmonary artery?

A

Pulmonary valve

71
Q

What separates the left ventricle and aorta?

A

aortic valve

72
Q

What separates the right ventricle and aorta?

A

Tricuspid valve

73
Q

What do patients get when their heart goes from 1 rhythm to another?

A

12 lead EKG

74
Q

Metabolic syndrome

A

Elevated triglycerides, HDL less than 50, high LDL, waist circumference at belly button, fasting glucose, BP over 130/85), extreme risk for CVD: heart attacks, strokes, hypertension

75
Q

Stenosis

A

Valve dysfunction; regurgitation

Fundamentals (5 decks)

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