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ABT 107 > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

In 1866, he discovered the basic laws of genetics

A

Gregor Mendel

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2
Q

Basic laws of Genetics

A

Traits are inherited from one
generation to another;
Elementen (genes) control the
traits of organism;
there is a recombination of
parental traits in offspring;
Some genes are dominant,
some are recessive

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3
Q

Flow of Genetic Information

A

DNA, mRNA, protein

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4
Q

Why is the discovery of Watson and Crick very important?

A

Based on the physical and chemical properties of DNA, Crick and Watson hypothesized a double-helix structure for DNA, much like a twisted ladder.

The double-helix structure explains How the DNA
molecule could replicate or produce identical copies of itself (replication)

How the information in the gene is expressed
(transcription and translation)

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5
Q

the transcribed messenger RNA strand right after it is released from the template strand?

A

It runs in the 5’ to 3’ direction

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6
Q

What are some elements that can be found in the mature mRNA after posttranscriptional modifications?

A

Guanine cap at 5’ end, multiple adenines at the 3’ end

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7
Q

What are the posttranscriptional processes?

A

Removal of introns
Polyadenylation
Addition of the guanine cap

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8
Q

What are some posttranslational modifications?

A

b. Phosphorylation
c. Glycosylation

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9
Q

The transfer RNA or tRNA contains a specific 3 base sequence that is called the anticodon.

A

a. Several anticodons can correspond to one amino acid
b. A specific anticodon corresponds only to one amino acid

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10
Q

In gene transcription, the regulatory elements are the following:

A

a. Base promoter
b. Enhancer
c. Terminator

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11
Q

Changes in intron splice sites result in changes in the mature mRNA that can possibly result in

A

a. Exons are spliced out resulting in shorter mRNA
b. Incorporation of introns into exons resulting in longer mRNA

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12
Q

What is true of the primary structure of a protein?

A

a. determines the secondary structure of the protein
b. direct translation of the mature mRNA strand
c. linear sequence of amino acids

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13
Q

The component of PCR that allowed for denaturation of DNA strands at higher temperatures

A

Taq polymerase

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14
Q

The main class of molecules separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is

A

Protein

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15
Q

What is/are important step(s) in Southern blot analysis

A

a. Probe with complementary DNA
c. Extract DNA
d. Cut the DNA with restriction enzymes

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16
Q

What probe is used in Western blot analysis?

A

a. Specific antibody

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17
Q

The polyadenine polymerase requires a very precise template.

A

FALSE

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18
Q

The RNA polymerase needs a specific RNA primer during the transcription process.

A

F

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19
Q

RNA polymerase is responsible for adding the PolyA tail to the mRNA.

A

F

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20
Q

Transcription factors are proteins that have only one type of DNA-binding motif.

A

F

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21
Q

Only very select RNAs are transported for translation.

A

T

22
Q

Only very select RNAs are transported for translation.

A

T

23
Q

The polyadenine TAIL remains ATTACHED to messenger RNA until translation.

A

T

24
Q

The tRNA molecule has many secondary and loop structures.

A

T

25
Q

The type of side chains in the amino acids of a protein will determine the charge of the polypeptide.

A

T

26
Q

Folding of nascent or new proteins occurs after the full-length polypeptide chain has been separated from the ribosome after translation.

A

F

27
Q

A protein with a quaternary structure should have at least 4 polypeptides.

A

F

28
Q

Proteins that bind to the promoter region, hence promoting the start of transcription.

A

TF

29
Q

Analyzes the presence of specific genes in whole genomic DNA

A

SOUTHERN BLOT ANALYSIS

30
Q

Describes mRNA that results in a single translation of several genes at a time.

A

POLYCISTRONIC

31
Q

Small, usually heat-shock, proteins that aid in correct folding of newly translated proteins.

A

CHAPERONINS

32
Q

A secondary structure in proteins where the amino acid chains aligned side-by-side with every other chain situated opposite the other, with chains being held together by hydrogen bonds.

A

BETA SHEET

33
Q

Intervening DNA sequences on the regulatory or structural gene sequence.

A

INTRONS

34
Q

Nucleotide sequences resulting in stem loop structures in the mRNA , and subsequent falling off of the RNA polymerase from the mRNA strand.

A

TERMINATORS

35
Q

System for negative regulation of transcription of bacterial genes involved in lactose metabolism.

A

LAC OPERON

36
Q

This guides the newly formed polypeptide/protein to the endoplasmic reticulum for further processing.

A

signal peptide

37
Q

Process of adding of inorganic phosphate to a protein molecule during posttranslational modification.

A

Phosphorylation

38
Q

criterion for genetic engineering of crops

A

the trait to be introduced is not present in the germplasm of the crop
the trait is very difficult to improve by conventional
breeding methods
it will take a very long time to introduce and/or improve such trait in the crop by conventional methods

39
Q

A typical gene organization is

A

promoter, protein coding region, terminator

40
Q

What was the most common source of genes used in the early generation GM crops

A

bacteria

41
Q

If I were to ask you to select the sense strand in DNA which strand would you select?

A

the strand going in the 5’ to 3’ orientation

42
Q

Which strand of DNA is made into the mRNA

A

The strand going in the 3’ to 5’ direction

43
Q

What is the gene inserted into Flavr Savr tomato

A

polygalacturonase

44
Q

A tropical fruit crop that was engineered for virus resistance is

A

papaya

45
Q

The most popular promoter used in early GM crops was the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. What is the one trait that made CaMV35s the promoter of choice

A

it can drive the expression of transgene in all parts of the plant

46
Q

Which enzyme is used for glufosinate tolerance

A

phosphinothricin acetyltrasnferase

47
Q

Which is the transgene for Round-up Ready soybeans

A

5-enolpyruvl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase

48
Q

Which will bring the transgene to the organelle where the new translated protein will be modified or used?

A

chloroplast transit peptide

49
Q

Golden Rice, a genetically modified rice which contains enzymes to form beta carotene, has been approved for importation in the Philippines

A

T

50
Q

The Philippines is the first country in Asia to have its own biotech regulatory agency

A

T

ABT 107 (1 decks)

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