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Study of the New Testament > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term that refers to a document or collection of documents containing material that is highly esteemed in the religious community accepting the documents?

A

scripture

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2
Q

Most scholars think that Jesus was historically born in Nazareth, Galilee. But Matthew and Luke both narrate that Jesus was born in Bethlehem. Why did Matthew and Luke both want to make Jesus be born in Bethlehem, according to our discussion in class?

A

Because there was a Hebrew prophecy that the Messiah will come from Bethlehem. They want to portray Jesus as fulfilling the prophecies about the Messiah.

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3
Q

Which of the following is an INCORRECT statements concerning different approaches to the NT?

A

The historical-critical approach is being cynical and sarcastic devotional readings.

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4
Q

What statements are true concerning different approaches to the NT?

A
  • Historical-critical approach is used by most NT scholars for the analysis of the NT passages, regardless of their personal faiths.
  • Historical-critical approach tries to understand what NT texts meant in their original cultural and historical contexts.
  • Biblical inspiration is the idea that the Bible was inspired by God. So even though there are some human mistakes, these mistakes are not too important.
  • Biblical inerrancy is the idea that there is no error or mistake in the NT, that the Bible teaches transcends human contextual limitations and thus can be applied literally in almost all cases.
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5
Q

Which of the following is NOT a question typically asked in a historical-critical approach to the Bible?

A

How can the Bible help make me closer to God?

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6
Q

What questions are typically asked in historical-critical approach to the Bible?

A
  • When did these authors live?
  • Who were the actual authors of the Bible?
  • Is it possible that some of the authors of some of the biblical books were not in fact who they claimed, or were claimed, to be?
  • How were they affected by the cultural and historical assumption of their time?
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7
Q

Define Textual Criticism

A

Studying of NT manuscripts in papyri and codices, trying to reconstruct the original words

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8
Q

Define Form Criticism

A

Studying various literary forms of the NT passages, trying to understand the historical contexts of creation

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9
Q

Define Redaction Criticism

A

Determines the particular intentions of New Testament authors by analyzing how they organized and edited their source materials

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10
Q

Define Literary Criticism

A

Using modern literary analysis and ancient literary conventions, analyzing the use of plot, characters, narratological impact, climax, central theme/argument, rhetoric, etc. of the author

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11
Q

Social-scientific Criticism

A

Using sociological theories to present new understanding of NT texts

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12
Q

In the ancient papyrus manuscripts of Rom 16:7, the Greek word of English translation Junia is not clear whether it was a male or female. One of the earliest manuscripts, P46, even attests to a more clearly female name, Julia. Later manuscripts and church fathers, however, as well as the Greek NT published until 1963, assumed that it is a male.
Which of the following is NOT a statement related to this observation?

A

Since we need to trust the church fathers without doubting anything, it is 100% certain that Junia was a man

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13
Q

When we compare the birth story of Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew and Luke, we find some discrepancies in details. Which of the following is NOT a question that a reader with a historical-critical approach can ask?

A

Who was smarter, Matthew or Luke?

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14
Q

What is the correct order of the NT canonization process?

A
  1. Oral tradition about Jesus’ ministry and teachings
  2. Oral traditions were written down in short texts (Ex. sayings source, signs source) and Paul’s letters
  3. The First Jewish Revolt and the destruction of the Temple
  4. Gospels, Acts, Deutero-Pauline letters, and multiplication of Christian texts
  5. Marcion making his gospel, “Gospel of the Lord,” saying that only Gospel of Luke and Paul’s letters are worthy of reading for Christians
  6. Multiple “canons” emerged in various locations
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15
Q

Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement concerning Marcion?

A

He did not edit any of Paul’s letters and the Lukan gospel.

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16
Q

What statements are true regarding Marcion

A
  • He thought that the Hebrew Bible is wrong
  • He ignited the canonization process in the history of Christianity
  • He thought that some scriptures being read by early Christians are actually wrong
  • He claimed that the Hebrew God is NOT the God of Jesus and Paul.
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17
Q

Which of the following is a Correct statement concerning canon

A

It is defined as “a list of books sanctioned by the majority Christian church as having diving authority and in which each book is understood in light of all of the others.”

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18
Q

What are the major divisions of NT canon?

A

Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, Epistles, Apocalypse

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19
Q

What is the implication of studying the process by which the NT canon came into being

A

We need to read NT texts individually rather than collectively

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20
Q

Which of the following was NOT one of the criteria by which NT canonical text was determined

A

Length - whether the text is long enough to be significant

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21
Q

What is the significance of Athansius’ Easter Letter in the process of NT canonization

A

It was a letter that contains the 27 texts as we find in the NT canon now

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22
Q

What is the term that refers to the “civilized (Roman) world/realm” used by the Roman Empire, which was also used in the Lukan gospel? (in brackets)
Luke 2:1 In those days a decree went out from Emperor Augustus that [all the world] should be registered.

A

Oikoumene

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23
Q

Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement concerning the “Greco-Roman culture”

A

Romans strived to crush and eliminate the Greek culture and replace it with the Roman culture

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24
Q

What are correct statements concerning the “Greco-Roman culture”

A
  • Geographically, this culture was widespread in the “ancient Mediterranean world,” the wide territory centered on the Mediterranean and Black Sea
  • It refers to a culture that used the language, culture,j government system, philosophy, social conventions, beliefs, and religions of the Greeks and Romans.
  • it recognizes that the influence of the Greek culture continued throughout the Greek and Roman times
  • Alexander the Great contributed to spreading the Greek culture throughout the ancient Mediterranean world (especially the eastern side) before the Roman Empire.
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25
Q

What is the term that refers to the Roman ideology or political propaganda that Romans have the divine right to make and maintain peace in the Empire by bringing the Roman ways to all parts of the colonized worlds?

A

Pax Romana

26
Q

Which are examples of the Roman construction of Pax Romana?

A
  • The constructed cities following the similar city-model
  • They presented the emperor Augustus as the bringer of peace to all regions the Romans have conquered
  • They titled the official announcements from the Senate and emperors as “good news.”
  • The minted coins that have the images of the goddess Pax (peace).
27
Q

What is not an example of the Roman construction of Pax Romana?

A

Romans tried to avoid any use of military force because they claimed themselves to be the “peaceful” people.

28
Q

This is one of the most important public structure that you find in ancient Roman cities. What do most scholars think this is?

A

latrine

29
Q

What is the CORRECT statement concerning the Roman religions

A

they did not require exclusive adherence to one cult

30
Q

What are the correct statements concerning the Roman polytheism

A
  • conquered people could accept the gods of the conquerers
  • divine realm was seen as a kind of pyramid of power
  • there were many local gods included in the Roman pantheon
  • many roman emperors were considered divine
31
Q

What is the incorrect statement concerning the Roman polytheism

A

the roman gods “daimonia” were evil spirits, equal to the Christian idea of satan or devil

32
Q

What is the INCORRECT statement concerning the term “cult” or Latin cultus deorum in the Roman world

A

The central and required element was firm faith in gods and doctrines

33
Q

What is the term that refers to the Judaism that flourished between the return of exiles from Babylon and the rebuilding of the Jerusalem Temple under Persian patronage to the destruction of the Second temple by Roman forces in 70 CE

A

Second Temple Judaism

34
Q

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Jewish disapora

A

All diaspora Jews strived not to assimilate to the hosting culture

35
Q

What is the event in the Jewish history that brought a brief (roughly 100 years) period of independence from foreign gentile nations and rededication of the Second Temple, as depicted in the picture

A

Maccabean Revolt

36
Q

Why were so many Jewish “sects” created during the Hellenistic Jewish period

A

because Jews differed in the level of assimilation to the hosting culture and interpreting their scriptures.

37
Q

what is the Jewish idea that the victorious end is coming, with God’s power manifesting clearly on the earth, judging impious foreign rulers, and purifying the Temple?

A

Apocalypticism

38
Q

What is an INCORRECT statement concerning the Babylonian Empire and its dominance over Israel

A

Babylonians allowed Israelites to go back to Israel and rebuilt the Temple

39
Q

What is an INCORRECT statement concerning “Hellenistic Judaism?”

A

Jews wholeheartedly rejected any Hellenistic influence to keep their Jewish identity

40
Q

What is an INCORRECT statement concerning the Jewish concept of “covenant?”

A

the set of laws that Jews need to keep is called “Tobit.”

41
Q

What is a CORRECT statement concerning a historical figure relevant to the history of Jews?

A

Maccabeans: those who revolted against Antiochus Epiphanes and the Syrian army, attaining brief freedom for Jews.

42
Q

What is the Jewish sect that features these elements?
- potential keepers and writers of the Dead Sea Scrolls
- potential inhabitants of an archaeological site called Qumran (or Kirbhet Qumran)
- developed apocalyptic views, including two messiahs, a final battle between light and darkness, end-time, triumph of God, etc.
- formed a monastic-like community
- stressed ritual and spiritual purification, purified Temple, purified people
- criticized other sects and overly hellenized Jews

A

essenes

43
Q

What is NOT one of the distinctive characteristics of Judaism during the Second Temple period?

A

Jews were unified with the monotheistic belief and the Law, and there not many groups and divisions among Jews.

44
Q

What is an INCORRECT statement concerning the Jewish sect of “Pharisees”

A

They were in charge of the Temple cult

45
Q

What is INCORRECT statement concerning the importance of Paul in the history of Christianity

A

Paul’s letter dealt with difficult theological questions, like philosophical treatises, rather than occasional letters addressing day-to-day issues that communities faced.

46
Q

What is a CORRECT statement concerning the ancient letter writing convention

A

letters needed messengers to be sent

47
Q

Scholars notice some major discrepancies between Paul’s own descriptions of his encounter with the rise of Christ and Acts’ descriptions of this incident. What is the common scholarly understanding of this discrepancy?

A

The Lukan author (author of Acts) exaggerated the incident with literary details

48
Q

Sequence of Paul’s life chronology

A

1: Grows up as being educated in the Jewish tradition, but was also Hellenized
2: Persecuted the followers of Jesus, not thinking that Jesus was really the prophesized Messiah
3: Had a revelatory experience of the risen Jesus
4: He Began ministry in the regions of Syria and Cilicia, having Antioch as his home base.
5: had a rupture with Peter in Antioch over the issue of dining with uncircumcised gentile believers
6: Began ministry in the regions of the Aegean Sea, building churches and writing letters
7: Planned for a visit to Jerusalem to deliver Jersulame Collection, then to Rome, and then further to Spain with the support from the Roman churches.

49
Q

What is the typical sequence of a Greek letter, that Paul also utilized

A

1: Greeting and addressing the recipients
2: Thanksgiving
3: Body
4: Exhortation
5: Closing Greeting

50
Q

Which letters in the NT belong to the scholarly category of “undisputed” letter of Paul

A

1 Thess, 2 Corinthians, Philemon

51
Q

Which are the letters that are typically categorized as “disputed” Pauline letter in the NT scholarship

A

Colossians, Ephesians, 2 Thessalonians

52
Q

What even in paul’s life is this passage describing

A

The breakup between Paul and Peter/james/apostles in Antioch and Jerusalem due to the issue of gentile believers and dining with them

53
Q

What is an INCORRECT statement concerning 1 Thessalonians

A

Paul is concerned that the Thessalonians are becoming a bad example to other believers in macedonia

54
Q

What is a correct statement concerning Paul’s letter writing conventions

A

paul often insert an important self-identification marker in the greeting section, when he introduces himself

55
Q

What is the Pauling theological idea that we find in this passage written to the Thessalonians

A

The roman “peace” is fake, but imminent eschaton will come with God’s judgment

56
Q

Scholars observe that 1 Thessalonians has a extensively long thanksgiving section. It also contains many thanksgiving throughout the body section. What do you think was the relationship between Paul and Thessalonians?

A

Paul was generally proud and happy about Thessalonian gentile believers - they were doing well given the persecutions and difficulties in business.

57
Q

What is NOT one fo the reasons why many scholars dispute about the authorship of 2 Thess

A

it is too short to be considered as Paul’s letter

58
Q

Scholars think that 2 Corinthians was not written as one letter, but a multiple letters from different occasions were later connected into one letter. What is this type of letter called?

A

paritioned letter

59
Q

What are the two ideas prevalent among Corinthians as we find in the underlined mottos? (CHOOSE TWO ANSWERS FOR FULL POINTS)

1 Cor 6:12 “All things are lawful for me” but not all things are beneficial. “All things are lawful for me,” but I will not be dominated by anything.

A
  • spiritual elitism
  • over-realized eschatology
60
Q

What is NOT one of the rhetoric that you can use in your hypothetical letter of Paul

A

Paul quotes the gospel passages, especially the Gospel of Luke and Matthew

Study of the New Testament (2 decks)

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