Exam 1 Flashcards
What is the term that refers to a document or collection of documents containing material that is highly esteemed in the religious community accepting the documents?
scripture
Most scholars think that Jesus was historically born in Nazareth, Galilee. But Matthew and Luke both narrate that Jesus was born in Bethlehem. Why did Matthew and Luke both want to make Jesus be born in Bethlehem, according to our discussion in class?
Because there was a Hebrew prophecy that the Messiah will come from Bethlehem. They want to portray Jesus as fulfilling the prophecies about the Messiah.
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statements concerning different approaches to the NT?
The historical-critical approach is being cynical and sarcastic devotional readings.
What statements are true concerning different approaches to the NT?
- Historical-critical approach is used by most NT scholars for the analysis of the NT passages, regardless of their personal faiths.
- Historical-critical approach tries to understand what NT texts meant in their original cultural and historical contexts.
- Biblical inspiration is the idea that the Bible was inspired by God. So even though there are some human mistakes, these mistakes are not too important.
- Biblical inerrancy is the idea that there is no error or mistake in the NT, that the Bible teaches transcends human contextual limitations and thus can be applied literally in almost all cases.
Which of the following is NOT a question typically asked in a historical-critical approach to the Bible?
How can the Bible help make me closer to God?
What questions are typically asked in historical-critical approach to the Bible?
- When did these authors live?
- Who were the actual authors of the Bible?
- Is it possible that some of the authors of some of the biblical books were not in fact who they claimed, or were claimed, to be?
- How were they affected by the cultural and historical assumption of their time?
Define Textual Criticism
Studying of NT manuscripts in papyri and codices, trying to reconstruct the original words
Define Form Criticism
Studying various literary forms of the NT passages, trying to understand the historical contexts of creation
Define Redaction Criticism
Determines the particular intentions of New Testament authors by analyzing how they organized and edited their source materials
Define Literary Criticism
Using modern literary analysis and ancient literary conventions, analyzing the use of plot, characters, narratological impact, climax, central theme/argument, rhetoric, etc. of the author
Social-scientific Criticism
Using sociological theories to present new understanding of NT texts
In the ancient papyrus manuscripts of Rom 16:7, the Greek word of English translation Junia is not clear whether it was a male or female. One of the earliest manuscripts, P46, even attests to a more clearly female name, Julia. Later manuscripts and church fathers, however, as well as the Greek NT published until 1963, assumed that it is a male.
Which of the following is NOT a statement related to this observation?
Since we need to trust the church fathers without doubting anything, it is 100% certain that Junia was a man
When we compare the birth story of Jesus in the Gospel of Matthew and Luke, we find some discrepancies in details. Which of the following is NOT a question that a reader with a historical-critical approach can ask?
Who was smarter, Matthew or Luke?
What is the correct order of the NT canonization process?
- Oral tradition about Jesus’ ministry and teachings
- Oral traditions were written down in short texts (Ex. sayings source, signs source) and Paul’s letters
- The First Jewish Revolt and the destruction of the Temple
- Gospels, Acts, Deutero-Pauline letters, and multiplication of Christian texts
- Marcion making his gospel, “Gospel of the Lord,” saying that only Gospel of Luke and Paul’s letters are worthy of reading for Christians
- Multiple “canons” emerged in various locations
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement concerning Marcion?
He did not edit any of Paul’s letters and the Lukan gospel.
What statements are true regarding Marcion
- He thought that the Hebrew Bible is wrong
- He ignited the canonization process in the history of Christianity
- He thought that some scriptures being read by early Christians are actually wrong
- He claimed that the Hebrew God is NOT the God of Jesus and Paul.
Which of the following is a Correct statement concerning canon
It is defined as “a list of books sanctioned by the majority Christian church as having diving authority and in which each book is understood in light of all of the others.”
What are the major divisions of NT canon?
Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, Epistles, Apocalypse
What is the implication of studying the process by which the NT canon came into being
We need to read NT texts individually rather than collectively
Which of the following was NOT one of the criteria by which NT canonical text was determined
Length - whether the text is long enough to be significant
What is the significance of Athansius’ Easter Letter in the process of NT canonization
It was a letter that contains the 27 texts as we find in the NT canon now
What is the term that refers to the “civilized (Roman) world/realm” used by the Roman Empire, which was also used in the Lukan gospel? (in brackets)
Luke 2:1 In those days a decree went out from Emperor Augustus that [all the world] should be registered.
Oikoumene
Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement concerning the “Greco-Roman culture”
Romans strived to crush and eliminate the Greek culture and replace it with the Roman culture
What are correct statements concerning the “Greco-Roman culture”
- Geographically, this culture was widespread in the “ancient Mediterranean world,” the wide territory centered on the Mediterranean and Black Sea
- It refers to a culture that used the language, culture,j government system, philosophy, social conventions, beliefs, and religions of the Greeks and Romans.
- it recognizes that the influence of the Greek culture continued throughout the Greek and Roman times
- Alexander the Great contributed to spreading the Greek culture throughout the ancient Mediterranean world (especially the eastern side) before the Roman Empire.
