exam 1

Question 1

intrusive rock

Answer 1

igneous rock formed by slow cooling, large crystals (pink granite, diorite, gabbro)

Question 2

extrusive rock

Answer 2

igneous rock formed by quick cooling, small crystals or glassy (basalt, obsidian, pumice)

Question 3

clastic rock

Answer 3

sedimentary rock formed by pressure and cementation (sandstone, siltstone)

Question 4

carbonate

Answer 4

sedimentary rock formed by the accumulation of organic materials, become indurated (limestone, dolomite, chalk)

Question 5

foliated rock

Answer 5

layered metamorphic rock (mica schist, slate, gneiss)

Question 6

non-foliated rock

Answer 6

not layered metamorphic rock (quartzite, marble)

Question 7

rock-forming minerals

Answer 7

quartz, calcite, feldspar

Question 8

igneous rock

Answer 8

cooling and solidification of magma

Question 9

sedimentary rock

Answer 9

formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles

Question 10

metamorphic rock

Answer 10

started out as some other type of rock, but have been substantially changed through heat and high pressure

Question 11

mechanical weathering

Answer 11

rock is broken down into smaller pieces

Question 12

chemical weathering

Answer 12

chemical reaction breaks down rocks

Question 13

residual soil

Answer 13

develop from rocks directly beneath it

Question 14

transported soil

Answer 14

soil that has been move from one location to another

Question 15

glacial deposit

Answer 15

glacial till, moraines, drumlins, eskers, kames, kettles

Question 16

glacial tills

Answer 16

soil left by glaciers, composed of a variety of particle sizes that has been compacted

Question 17

alluvial deposits

Answer 17

soils carried and deposited by rivers

Question 18

lacustrine deposits

Answer 18

soil remaining at location of former lakes

Question 19

aeolian deposit

Answer 19

soils carried by wind

Question 20

Vvoids

Answer 20

Vliquid+Vair

Question 21

moisture content (w)

Answer 21

=(Mw/Ms)100
=(Ww/Ws)100

Question 22

degree of saturation (S)

Answer 22

=(Vw/Vv)100
=(wGs/e)100
=w/(γw/γd)-(1/Gs)100

Question 23

unit weight (γ)

Answer 23

=W/V

Question 24

density (ρ)

Answer 24

=M/V

Question 25

dry unit weight (γd)

Answer 25

=Ws/V

Question 26

dry density (ρd)

Answer 26

=Ms/V

Question 27

unit weight of water (γw)

Answer 27

=Ww/V

Question 28

buoyant water weight (γb)

Answer 28

=γsat-γw

Question 29

specific gravity (Gs)

Answer 29

=γs/γw

Question 30

specific gravity of sand

Answer 30

2.67

Question 31

specific gravity of clay

Answer 31

2.65

Question 32

void ratio (e)

Answer 32

=Vv/Vs
=Gs*γw/γd-1

Question 33

porosity (n)

Answer 33

=(Vv/V)*100
=e/e+1

Question 34

Relative density (Dr)

Answer 34

=(emax-e)/(emax-emin)*100

Question 35

values that can be assumed

Answer 35

V,Vs,M,Ms

Question 36

γw

Answer 36

9.81 kN/m^3 or 62.4 lb/ft^3

Question 37

coefficient of uniformity (Cu)

Answer 37

=D60/D10

Question 38

coefficient of curvature (Cc)

Answer 38

=(D30)^2/D10*D60

Question 39

Kaolinite

Answer 39

white clay
very strong bonds
alternating silica and alumina sheets

Question 40

Montmorillonite

Answer 40

alumina sheets between silica sheets
weak bonding between layers

Question 41

Illite

Answer 41

contains potassium ions between silica sheets
strong bonds

Question 42

specific surface

Answer 42

=M/V

Question 43

relative compaction (Cr)

Answer 43

=γdf/γdmax