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trees and the environment > exam 1 > Flashcards

exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

shrub/bush

A

several perrenial stems, less than 13 feet tall, each stem diameter less than 3 inches

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2
Q

tree

A

height is > 13 ft, DBH > 3 inches

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3
Q

leaves

A

site of photosynthesis, leaf is variable because trees dont care

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4
Q

twigs/branches

A

support structure for the leaves+flowers+fruits+nuts

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5
Q

crown

A

creates canopy, upper part of leaves

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6
Q

flower

A

site of reproduction, trees can have both female and male parts or one or the other

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7
Q

fruits/seeds

A

most enclosed in fruits or nuts, need pollination

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8
Q

trunk

A

transport materials and provides support

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9
Q

roots

A

anchors tree, detects water+soil nutrients and transports it up

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10
Q

tree structure

A

1.leaves
2.twigs/branches
3.crown
4.flower
5.fruits/seeds
6.trunk
7.roots

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11
Q

trunk parts

A

1.bark (phloem)
2.cambian
3.xylem/sapwood
4.heartwood
5.pith

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12
Q

bark

A

protects against herbivores, reduces water loss

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13
Q

phloem

A

carries sugar/nutrients from the leaves to all parts of the tree, bidirectional

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14
Q

cambian

A

underneath phloem tissue, dividing cells, outer side makes more phloem, inner side makes more xylem

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15
Q

xylem/sapwood

A

carries water/soil nutrients up tree, unidirectional, youngest layer, tree rings

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16
Q

heartwood

A

all cells are dead, darker because accumulating metabolites, resistant to fungi/insects

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17
Q

pith

A

center of tree trunk, tendency to crack

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18
Q

girdling

A

stripping bark to kill tree without cutting it down

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19
Q

angiosperm

A

deciduous, fruits/nuts/seeds

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20
Q

gymnosperm

A

conifers, cones/naked seeds

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21
Q

woods

A

thick grove of trees

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22
Q

copse

A

small group of trees

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23
Q

field

A

open area of land

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24
Q

park

A

large public green area

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25
Q

tree definition common

A

tree crown cover more than 10%, at least .5 hectare

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26
Q

hectare

A

10000 sq m, 2.5 acres

27
Q

football field area

A

1 acre

28
Q

soccer field area

A

1.8 acres

29
Q

rugby field area

A

2.5 acres

30
Q

closed forest

A

trees of various height ad must have undergrowth cover large proportion of land

31
Q

open forest

A

continuous vegetation cover but tree crowns <10%

32
Q

where are trees located

A

circles tropical region, northern hemisphere between 35 N to arctic circle

33
Q

old growth forest

A

ecosystem distinguished by old trees and elated structural attributes that may include tree size and accumulation of dead trees, many species, and complex ecosystem function

34
Q

forest structure

A

1.emergent layer
2.canopy layer
3.subcanopy layer
4.herbaceous layer (rainforest does not have)
5. litter layer

35
Q

biome

A

consists of plant formation with associated and microbial species, characterized by a range of climate conditions, has to do with latitude

36
Q

tropical latitude

A

0-23 N
0-23 S

37
Q

temperate latitude

A

23-66 N
23-66 S

38
Q

tundra latitude

A

65-90 N
65-90 S

39
Q

temperate deciduous forest

A

lots of rain (20-99) inches, long growing season (4-6 months)

40
Q

polar front

A

causes strong seasonality in temperate deciduous forests

41
Q

tropical forest

A

(wet)69-70 inches of rain per year, 11% earth’s land mass, little seasonal change, poor soil, minimal tree leaf drop

42
Q

intertropical convergence zone

A

moves north, more summer, moves south, winter, controls the tropical forest

43
Q

net primary productivity

A

how much CO2 is taken up by plants from the atmosphere : how much co2 is put back into atmosphere

44
Q

what forest captures more carbon?

A

african rainforest captures more carbon than amazon 1.5x 183 tonnes

45
Q

boreal forest

A

short moisture cycle, ave. temp sub zero, very little liquid water, permafrost, poor soil, peat, only 2 layers (canopy ground)

46
Q

leaf cross section

A

1.waxy cuticle
2.upper epidermis
3. palisade mesophyll
4.lower epidermis
5.vascular bundle
6.stoma

47
Q

waxy cuticle

A

prevents water loss/sunburn

48
Q

palisade mesophyll

A

contains chlorophyll+chloroplast

49
Q

vascular bundle

A

transports water, sugar, and nutients, xylem big holes, phloem small holes

50
Q

pores/stoma

A

pairs of 2 guard cells, if leaves have a lot, lives in wet environment

51
Q

closed pore

A

2 guard cells deflate

52
Q

open pore,

A

2 guard cells inflate

53
Q

thylakoids

A

1 pancake

54
Q

granum

A

stacked pancakes

55
Q

photosynthesis

A

6CO2+6H20 –> C6H12O6+6CO2

56
Q

sunlight conditions

A

P>R, so CO2 is pulled out of atmospher, O2 put in

57
Q

dim light conditions

A

P=R, CO2 pulled out = O2 put in

58
Q

night conditions

A

R ONLY, O2 pulled out of atmosphere, CO2 put in

59
Q

why do trees turn different colors?

A

temperature, photo period, never want a freeze with leaves on

60
Q

yellow

A

xanthophylls

61
Q

orange

A

carotenoids

62
Q

red

A

anthocyanins

63
Q

what occurs to trees when more CO2?

A

die faster, more susceptible to disease

trees and the environment (2 decks)

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