Exam 1 Flashcards
Beck Cognitive Therapy
problems like depression result from clients illogical thinking about themselves and the world around them
ABC theory of personality
A=activating event; B=belief system; C=emotional consequence; intervention: D=disputing the irrational behavior at B; E=a new emotional consequence/an effective new philosophy on life
Albert Ellis Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy
Therapy technique designed to help clients discover and change the irrational assumptions that govern their emotions, behaviors, and thinking
Alderian therapy
- therapy tries to understand patient’s style of life and reorient patient to a more adaptive life style
- assuming responsibility, creating ones own destiny, finding meaning and goals to create purposeful life
Altruism
allows clients to gain a sense of value and significance by helping other group members
Beck is associated with
being less directive and confrontational (uses more open-ended Qs)
Becoming Multiculturally competent
- Become aware of your own biases, values, cultural norms, and expectations
- *****Attempt to understand the world from your client’s vantage point
- Gain a knowledge of the dynamics of oppression, racism, discrimination, and stereotyping
- Study the historical background, traditions, and values of your client and be open to learning from him/her
- Expand your vantage point to explore your client’s ways of life that are different from your own
- Develop an awareness of acculturation strategies
behavior therapy
therapy that applies learning principles to elimination of unwanted behaviors
bibliotherapy
the use of self-help books and other reading matierals as a form of therapy
blaming trap
some clients are caught up in “who’s to blame” for a specific issue
Catharsis
the process of releasing, and providing relief from strong or repressed emotions
choice therapy
Developed by Glasser; All behavior is chosen and is Total Behavior, which is made up of four components: acting, thinking, feeling and physiology; Belief that we only have control over our emotions by how we choose to act/think.
cognitive behavioral approaches
goal setting, association and dissociation
CBT
action therapy in which the goal is to help clients overcome problems by learning to think more rationally and logically
cognitive distortions
inaccurate and irrational automatic thoughts or ideas that lead to false assumptions and misinterpretations
cognitive homework
a concept from Beck CT that views the client as capable of making objective interpretations of his or her behavior, with the collaboration of the therapist
dichotomous thinking (Beck)
cognitive error; the tendency to think in terms of polar opposites—that is, in terms of the best and worst—without accepting the possibilities that lie between these two extremes. The term has been used to characterize the tendency of people with major depressive disorder to view mildly negative events as extremely negative
black and white thinking (all or nothing thinking)
different types of traps (miller)
Question Answer, taking sides, expert, labeling, premature focus, blaming
Donald Meichenbaum CBM
focuses on identifying dysfunctional self-talk in order to change unwanted behaviors
existential factors
The group is able to help individual members take direction of their own lives and accept responsibility for the quality of their existence.
experiential therapy
A therapeutic approach that emphasizes the value of the therapist’s realness in interacting with a family.
expert trap
The clinical error of assuming and communicating that the counselor has the best answers to the client’s problems
family systems therapy
emphasizes an understanding of the roles of each family member and how the family functions as a system (this method is usually conducted with all members of the family, but it can be practiced individually)
feminist therapy
focuses on women’s issues and strives to help women achieve greater personal freedom and self-determination
gestalt therapy
form of directive insight therapy in which the therapist helps clients to accept all parts of their feelings and subjective experiences, using leading questions and planned experiences such as role-playing
goal of CT
To change the way clients think by using their automatic thoughts to reach the core schema and begin to introduce the idea of schema restructuring
group cohesiveness
qualities of a group that bind members together and promote liking between members sharing goals
imparting of information (yalom)
participants receive formal teaching by the leader or advice from peers
instillation of hope
The leader shares optimism about successes of group treatment, and members share their improvements.
interpersonal learning
The group offers many and varied opportunities for interacting with other people. Insight is gained regarding how one perceives and is being perceived by others.
issues faced by beginning therapists
Dealing with anxieties. Being oneself and self-disclosing. Avoiding perfectionism. Being honest about limitations. Understanding silence. Dealing with demands from clients. Dealing with clients who lack commitment. Tolerating ambiguity. Avoiding losing oneself in one’s clients. Developing a sense of humor. Sharing responsibility with the client. Declining to give advice. Defining one’s role as a counselor. Learning to use techniques appropriately. Developing one’s own counseling style.
labeling and mislabeling (cognitive distortion)
portraying one’s identity on the basis of imperfections and mistakes made in the past and allowing them to define one’s true identity
labeling trap
the clinical error of engaging in unproductive struggles to persuade clients to accept a label or diagnosis
magnification and minimization
distortions of thinking in which a person blows a negative event out of proportion to its importance (magnification) while ignoring relevant positive events (minimization)
narrative therapy
A postmodern approach to therapy that is based on the therapist’s personal characteristics that allow for creating a climate that encourages clients to see their stories from different perspectives. Grounded in a philosophical framework, narrative practices assist clients in finding new meanings and new possibilities in their lives.
overgeneralization
the tendency to interpret a single negative event as a never-ending pattern of defeat and failure
person-centered therapy
Therapy method in which the client, rather than the counselor, primarily directs the course of discussion, seeking self-discovery and self-responsibility.
post-modern approaches
Social constructionism, solution focused brief therapy, narrative therapy
premature focus trap
The clinical error of focusing before engaging, trying to direct before you have established a working collaboration and negotiated common goals.
psychoanalytic therapy
this therapy approach uses various methods to help a patient become aware of his or her unconscious motives and to gain insight into the emotional issues and conflicts that are causing difficulties
psychodynamic approach
how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts
psychodynamic therapy
therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition; views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and seeks to enhance self-insight
psychoeducational methods
Remove blame.
Education.
Encourage helping.
Contracting.
Survival Skills Workshop.
Training with family.
Lowering expectations.
question answer trap
only using questions that solicit closed responses, such as “yes” or “no” answers. therapist in control, client in passive role
rational emotive imagery
the client imagines s/he is in a situation which has traditionally caused emotional disturbance; then imagines changing the feelings via rational, logic, scientific thought
reality therapy
a method of analysis developed by Glasser to help clients focus on the present rather than past experiences
REBT
a confrontational cognitive therapy, developed by Albert Ellis, that vigorously challenges people’s illogical, self-defeating attitudes and assumptions
REBT techniques
Uses ABC model to debunk irrational thinking. Involves identifying activating event and faulty belief that contributes to the consequence/self-defeating behavior. Counselor and student work to challenge faulty assumptions which leads to change in emotional/behavioral response.
Schema
core beliefs which cognitive therapists hypothesize play a central role in the maintenance of long-term psychiatric problems
selective abstraction (beck)
Cognitive distortion that focuses on attending to detail while ignoring the total context
shame-attacking exercises
A strategy used in REBT therapy that encourages people to do things despite a fear of feeling foolish or embarrassed. The aim of the exercise is to teach people that they can function effectively even if they might be perceived as doing foolish acts.
socialization techniques
understanding social development through tolerance, empathy, boundaries and conflict resolution; feedback and instruction
social microcosm
A phenomenon in group therapy whereby the relationship tendencies that characterize clients’ relationships with important people in their personal lives predictably characterize the relationships they form with their fellow group members
solution focused therapy
Steve de Shazer’s term for a style of therapy that emphasizes the solutions that families have already developed for their problems.
taking sides therapy
as you argue for one side of the argument, the offender will naturally argue for the other side, creating a rift
therapeutic factors in group therapy (yalom)
Instillation of hope
Universality*
Imparting information
Altruism
Socialization techniques
Imitative behavior (social microcosm)
Interpersonal learning*
Group cohesiveness*
Catharsis
Existential factors
Universality
Helps members realize they are not alone with their impulses, problems, and issues
