Exam 1

Question 1

What is Organizational behavior

Answer 1

Study of human behavior in organizational settings, the interface between human behavior and the organization, the organization itself

Question 2

Planning

Answer 2

Determining an organization’s desired future
position and the best means of getting there

Question 3

Organizing

Answer 3

Designing jobs, grouping jobs into units, and
establishing patterns of authority between jobs
and units

Question 4

Leading

Answer 4

Getting organizational members to work together toward the organization’s goals

Question 5

Controlling

Answer 5

Monitoring and correcting the actions of the
organization and its members to keep them
directed toward their goals

Question 6

interactionalism

Answer 6

Explains how people select, interpret, and change various situations

Question 7

contextualism

Answer 7

organizational problems or solutions must be evaluated in terms of elements in which the situation then suggests contingent or situational ways of responding

Question 8

universalism

Answer 8

organizational problems or situations determine the one best way of responding

Question 9

individualism

Answer 9

Value and recognize people for their individual skills and abilities

Question 10

Contemporary organizational behavior types

Answer 10

Individual, group, and organizational level

Question 11

Individual level outcomes

Answer 11

productivity, performance, absenteeism, turnover, attitudes, stress

Question 12

group level outcomes

Answer 12

productivity, performance, norms, cohesiveness

Question 13

Organizational level outcomes

Answer 13

Productivity, absenteeism, turnover, financial performance, survival, stakeholder satisfacation

Question 14

Organizational level outcomes

Answer 14

Productivity, absenteeism, turnover, financial performance, survival, stakeholder satisfaction

Question 15

Globalization

Answer 15

• Advances in communication and transportation
• the internationalization of business activities
• Growth by expansion into international markets

Question 16

Individualistic society

Answer 16

the extent that people in a culture define themselves as individuals rather than as a part of a group

Question 17

Collectivist society

Answer 17

the tight social frameworks where people tend to base their identities on the group or organization to which they belong

Question 18

Surface level dimension of diversity

Answer 18

Something that can be seen directly such as race, gender, physical traits

Question 19

Deep level dimension of diversity

Answer 19

Something that cannot be seen directly such as goals, values, skills, sexual orientation, abilities, attitudes

Question 20

Culture

Answer 20

A set of shared values that help people in a group, organization, or society understand which actions are considered acceptable and unacceptable

Question 21

How Culture applies to organizations

Answer 21

Behavior in organizational settings varies across cultures
Cultural diversity can be a source of synergy with effectiveness

Question 22

Psychological Contract

Answer 22

A person’s overall set of expectations regarding what he or she will contribute to the organization and what the organization will provide back to the individual

Question 23

Perception

Answer 23

Process by which an individual becomes aware of, selects, and interprets information about the environment

Question 24

Selective perception

Answer 24

screening out information that causes discomfort or that contradicts with our beliefs

Question 25

Stereotyping

Answer 25

Categorizing or labeling on the basis of a single attribute or characteristic

Question 26

Person-job fit

Answer 26

compare applicant personality, interest, value, or organizational culture preference information to the characteristics of the job or organization.

Question 27

Big 5 personality traits

Answer 27

Extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientious, neuroticism

Question 28

neuroticism

Answer 28

Sadness, moodiness, and emotional instability

Question 29

Crystalized intelligence

Answer 29

intelligence reflected in a persons general knowledge, vocabulary, and reasoning based on given information

Question 30

Fluid intelligence

Answer 30

The ability to think and reason abstractly and solve problems

Question 31

external locus of control

Answer 31

people who believe everything that happens is outside their control

Question 32

internal locus of control

Answer 32

people who believe everything that happens is within their control

Question 33

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 33

When a person holds contradictory beliefs

Question 34

Eustress

Answer 34

Stress which enables a person to perform better

Question 35

distress

Answer 35

the stress caused when a person is very scared, sad, or anxious

Question 36

General Adaptation Syndrome

Answer 36

Alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Question 37

Alarm

Answer 37

Your body reacts to the stress

Question 38

Resistance

Answer 38

body adjusts to the stress

Question 39

Exhaustion

Answer 39

enduring stress drains your physical, mental, and emotional, resources causing fatigue, burnout, and decreased stress tolerance

Question 40

Attribution theory

Answer 40

How a person perceives the information they receive, interpret events, and form casual judgements

Question 41

Organizational Citizenship

Answer 41

all of the positive and constructive actions taken by an employee that is not a part of their job description

Question 42

P=M+A+E

Answer 42

Performance equals motivation plus, ability plus environment

Question 43

Need based motivation

Answer 43

The primary motive is to satisfy a need

Question 44

Process based motivation

Answer 44

assume there is a reason why people chose certain behaviors to satisfy a need

Question 45

Self-determination theory

Answer 45

The opposite of cognitive dissonance, they use extrinsic and intrinsic motivation

Question 46

Expectancy theory

Answer 46

the connection between effort, rewards, and goals

Question 47

Negative reinforcement

Answer 47

a response or behavior is strengthened by taking away a negative outcome

Question 48

Autonomy

Answer 48

the degree to which a person has control over their work schedule and how the work is done

Question 49

Alternative work arrangements

Answer 49

arrangements that include flexible work schedules, job sharing, alternative working sites

Question 50

advantage for alternative work arrangements

Answer 50

increased productivity

Question 51

Goal difficulty

Answer 51

If a goal is achievable or not if it is too easy or too hard

Question 52

Goal specificity

Answer 52

how specific the goal is and whether it is vague or not

Question 53

Goal commitment

Answer 53

a person's effort extended towards completing a goal

Question 54

Goal acceptance

Answer 54

if the employee accepts the goal as something he has to reach

Question 55

multi-rater feedback system

Answer 55

Feedback from a variety of sources such as coworkers, bosses, and subordinates

Question 56

360-degree performance

Answer 56

Feedback from all directions and everyone a person worked with

Question 57

Normative decision making

Answer 57

Most ideal decision for a given situation

Question 58

Descriptive decision making

Answer 58

How people actually behave in given situations

Question 59

The forces in decision making

Question 60

problems associated with weighing utility in decision making

Answer 60

this is when we choose something based off of weighing a utility of an outcome problems are it assumes humans are always rations assumes humans always choose the outcome with the highest utility

Question 61

decision making

Answer 61

When we choose an action from multiple possibilities to achieve an outcome

Question 62

problem solving

Answer 62

the set of cognitive processes that we apply to overcome obstacles to reach a goal

Question 63

A problem is ill defined if...

Answer 63

the problem has no clear goal state the problem has no clear start state the problem has no clear set of actions to achieve the goal