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Intro to Clinical Psychology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is MHCC?

A

a national non-profit organization designed to enhance the health and well-being of those living with a mental disorder by focusing national attention on mental health issues

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2
Q

The MHCC currently has six initiatives and projects…

A
  1. Opening Minds
  2. Mental Health First Aid
  3. Mental Health Strategy for Canada
  4. Knowledge Exchange Centre
  5. Housing First
  6. Peer Project
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3
Q

What is the result of Clinical Psychology?

A

produce knowledge that can be used to guide the development and application of psychological services

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4
Q

Evidence-Based Practice…

A

clinical experise + research evidence + patient needs, characteristics, preferences

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5
Q

Counseling Psychology…

A

provides services to individuals who deal with normal challenges in life - commonly educational, general clinic, psychiatric faculty setting

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6
Q

School Psychology…

A

specialized training in both psychology and education - consider social, emotional, and physical influences on students’ learning and development

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7
Q

Psychiatry…

A

diagnosis, treatment, prevention - Licensed Physicians; Medical Doctorate, Four years general medical school; 5 years specialized residency training

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8
Q

Clinical Social Work…

A

policy development, program planning, research consultation, case management, discharge planning, counselling therapy, advocacy - varied settings and education requirements

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9
Q

Psychiatric Nurse…

A

support people with primary care needs specific to mental and developmental health across a diverse range of settings - administration, counselling, psychoeducation, supervision of ancillary providers

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10
Q

Biopsychosocial Approach…

A

an inter-disciplinary model that looks at the interconnection between biology, psychology, and socio-environmental factors

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11
Q

Enlightenment Period…

A

shifting world view to applying science to human experience

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12
Q

Early History: Assessment…

A

measuring, describing, understanding human behaviour

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13
Q

Wilhelm Wundt…

A

first lab studying human behaviour - caused justification for needing systematic approach

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14
Q

Emil Kraeplin…

A

mental disorders = due to biological factors - studied and classified mental disorders - origin of nature and structure of classification systems today

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15
Q

Alfred Binet…

A

first “mordern” style of intellegence test - child focused

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16
Q

Early History: 1930’s…

A

projective tests - personality and psychological functions

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17
Q

Early History: 1940’s

A

personality test screening test for adults

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18
Q

Early History: 1950’s/1960’s…

A

value and accuracy of assessment in clinical psychology?

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19
Q

Early History: 1970’s…

A

development of empirically based assessment for children’s emotional and behavioural problems

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20
Q

History of Intervention…

A

development of various theoretical orientations - ‘Evidence-based’, meta-analyses, efficacy versus effectiveness

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21
Q

History of Prevention…

A

psychological principles that promote health and well-being

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22
Q

Clinical Psychology in the Future…

A

evidence based practice - increased use of technology

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23
Q

Assessment…

A

evaluating the psychological functioning of an individual or a relationship - planning, monitoring, evaluation of intervention

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24
Q

Diagnoses…

A

a concise statement about the nature of a person’s disorder

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25
Q

Intervention…

A

identify or challenge thoughts, relate thoughts to feelings, focus on affect by validating or labelling emotions, gather information, and guide or direct the client

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26
Q

Intervention: Cognitive-Behavioural…

A

more time on psychoeducation - encourage client to ask question, collaborate on agenda

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27
Q

Intervention: Psychodynamic…

A

explore client’s childhood experiences, patterns in the client’s family of origin, explore dysfunctional patterns of behaviour

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28
Q

Consultation: Clinical Consultation…

A

the provision of information, advice, and recommendations about how best to assess, understand, or treat a client

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29
Q

Consultation: Organizational Consultation…

A

assessment, program development/evaluation, policy consultation

30
Q

Research…

A

all possess training in this area, level of involvement may vary on individual and work setting

31
Q

Teaching…

A

depends on role and area of expertise

32
Q

Clinical Supervision…

A

individual or group - practicum, internship/residency

33
Q

Research Supervision…

A

undergraduates, throughout graduate student training

34
Q

Administration…

A

necessary and varying roles across settings and positions

35
Q

What are the Two “Pillars” of Clinical Psychology?

A

Science and Ethics

36
Q

Ethics 4 parts are…

A
  1. Respect for the dignity of persons
  2. Responsible caring
  3. Integrity in relationships
  4. Responsibility to society
37
Q

Scientist-Practitioner Model…

A

competent in research and psychological service provision

38
Q

Clinical Scientist Model…

A

more emphasis on research skills

39
Q

Practitioner-Scholar Model…

A

more emphasis on clinical skills (but still informed by research)

40
Q

Classification Validity…

A

the extent to which the principles used in classifying an entity are effective in capturing the nature of the entity

41
Q

Classification Utility…

A

the usefulness of a classification scheme

42
Q

Diagnostic System…

A

a classification based on rules used to organize and understand diseases and disorders (categorical or dimensional)

43
Q

Prototype Model…

A

members of a diagnostic category may differ in the degree to which they represent the concepts underlying the category

44
Q

Development Psychopathology…

A

a framework for understanding problem behaviour in relation to the milestones that are specific to each stage of a person’s development

45
Q

Harmful Disfunction…

A

the behaviours associated with a mental disorder are dysfunctional, and the dysfunction causes harm to the individual or to those around him or her

46
Q

Dyscontrol…

A

the impairment resulting from a disorder must be involuntary or not readily controlled

47
Q

Development of Mental Disorders: Four P’s…

A
  1. Predisposing – genetics, childhood adversity
  2. Precipitating – circumstances that cause disorder
  3. Perpetuating – perfectionism, substance abuse + depression
  4. Protective – early identification
48
Q

Validity…

A

accuracy

49
Q

Internal Validity…

A

accuracy within study context, controlled

50
Q

External Validity…

A

generalizability, naturalistic/real world

51
Q

Case Studies…

A

detailed, observation based but limited generalizability

52
Q

Single Case Designs…

A

longer time frame, operational definition - cause and effect easier to establish

53
Q

Correlation…

A

association between two or more variables - not causation

54
Q

Quasi-Experimental Designs…

A

manipulation/conditions, no random assignment

55
Q

Experimental Designs…

A

random assignment, experimental manipulation - IV; what’s being manipulated, DV; what’s being measured - between vs within subjects design

56
Q

Self-report…

A

questionnaire

57
Q

Informant-report…

A

completed by someone who knows the participant

58
Q

Rater evaluation…

A

completed by someone knowledgeable about study involvement of participant

59
Q

Performance measure…

A

task completed by participant

60
Q

Test-retest reliability…

A

take same test twice at different times

61
Q

Alternate forms…

A

two versions of test, taken at different times

62
Q

Inter-rater reliability…

A

same measure, two judges/graders

63
Q

Internal consistency reliability…

A

one item, one time point

64
Q

Split-half reliability…

A

correlation of total score on one half with the other half of test

65
Q

Content validity …

A

does the measure represent construct being assessed

66
Q

Face validity…

A

appears to measure correct construct

67
Q

Predictive validity…

A

predict future behaviour

68
Q

Concurrent validity…

A

relationship between measure and criterion behaviour

69
Q

Convergent validity…

A

scores on a measure are related to scores on another measure of similar construct

70
Q

Statistical significance…

A

necessary but not sufficient

Intro to Clinical Psychology (1 decks)

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